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Commit ec0934dd authored by Finay's avatar Finay
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Engineering content update final

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<h1>Learn</h1>
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Through our tests, we were able to learn many things about our aptamer probe. For example, we learned that
the aptamer probes had much weaker fluorescence values than we had imagined. With a 100µL solution of 500µM
aptamer solution and 500µM biomarker solution, the maximum Relative Fluorescence Unit (RFU) was 846. While
this is a measurable value, we realized that there is much more research needed to improve this system and
increase the RFU value in some way. This would be able to prevent false positives during screenings, and we
would recommend other teams to explore this topic of amplification.<br><br>
Furthermore, we were able to verify the specificity and durability of aptamers. Although we did know through
literature that aptamers were better in terms of specificity and durability compared to antibodies, we were
able to verify this through our specificity test and shelf life test. Our experiments build off of prior
experiments with aptamers, and is another example of the versatility of aptamers probes.<br><br>
We also learned that the FRET mechanism works very well. In our experiments, when we had only a solution of
S2.2 aptamer probes without Mucin 1 biomarkers, the aptamer probes virtually did not fluoresce, since the
RFU values were similar to that of pure buffer solution. This exemplifies the high accuracy of the aptamer
probe mechanism utilizing the FRET mechanism to make the aptamer probes only fluoresce in the presence of
the desired target.
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<h1>Design</h1>
<p>
We explored various previous literature conducted on breast cancer patients, as well as literature on the
detection of breast cancer through the ELISA method detecting levels of Mucin 1 biomarker. As shown in the
box and whisker chart below, literature showed that the error bars of the standard mean error overlapped
between breast cancer patients and healthy patients.
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<img width="50%" src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4334/wiki/engineeringchart.png">
<div class="smaller">(Werfalli, et al.)</div>
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Thus, we determined that our method may not provide the most accurate assessment of who requires further
screening due to risk of false positives—and alarming potential patients is a situation we’d like to avoid. For
this reason, we propose to implement our screening method to detect diseases where any presence of biomarkers is
an indication for the necessity of treatment (including hepatitis B virus). When it comes to breast cancer
applications, we propose to apply this method in the future where technology for the identification of Mucin 1
biomarker concentrations in patients with breast cancer have improved.
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