<p>We chose LNPs as the delivery system of our Next-Generation Prime Editing Technology. Because of their large capacity and less immunogenic side effects compared to other delivery systems like Adeno-associated Viruses (AVV)<SupScrollLinklabel="6"/>. Our aim is to optimize the LNP formulation to improve delivery to lung tissue via inhalation. Because of our collaborations, we are able to test and optimize different delivery systems to improve our organ specific therapeutic approach. Therefore, our LNP design focusses on stability and targeting. Stability is achieved by a polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating that protects the LNPs from degradation by the immune system<SupScrollLinklabel="7"/>. Moreover, we use capsaicin in combination with chitosan to improve the uptake of our construct through their mucus-adhesive properties<SupScrollLinklabel="8"/>. </p>
<p>We optimized lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as a robust delivery system to transport larger therapeutic cargo, such as Prime Editing mRNA, to lung epithelial cells via inhalation. LNPs were chosen over other delivery systems, like Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), due to their superior cargo capacity and reduced immunogenicity. Our goal is to create a lung-specific LNP, named AirBuddy, capable of efficiently delivering of our Prime Editing components, referred to as PrimeGuide, to lung tissues through inhalation. This approach is designed to advance precision medicine by ensuring targeted delivery with minimal off-target effects.</p>
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<p>We are furthermore optimising the LNPs for pulmonary therapy and investigating delivery by nebulisation as a non-invasive method compared to systemic approaches to make the therapy more convenient for patients. For specific targeting, we are focussing on marker proteins of basal cells and ionocytes that produce particularly high levels of CFTR protein and which we want to target with appropriate antibodies<SupScrollLinklabel="9"/>. Our workflow includes testing our next generation Prime Editing Technology delivered by our optimized LNPs in cell culture lines but also in primary nasal epithelial cells of CF patients to evaluate our optimizations and further improvements in vitro. We can also provide the outlook on the adaptation of the delivery system enabling systemic applications as well. </p>
<p>To optimize AirBuddy for pulmonary delivery, we collaborated extensively with several experts, including <aonClick={()=>goToPagesAndOpenTab('weber','/human-practices')}>Prof. Weber, Dr. Große-Onnebrink</a> and <aonClick={()=>goToPagesAndOpenTab('tabid','/human-practices')}>Dr. Kolonko</a> as medical experts, <aonClick={()=>goToPagesAndOpenTab('kristian','/human-practices')}>Prof. Dr. Müller</a>, <aonClick={()=>goToPagesAndOpenTab('radukic','/human-practices')}>Dr. Radukic</a>, Benjamin Moorlach and the Physical and Biophysical Chemistry working group as academic experts form Bielefeld University and FH Bielefeld as well as <aonClick={()=>goToPagesAndOpenTab('corden','/human-practices')}>Corden Pharma</a> and <aonClick={()=>goToPagesAndOpenTab('rnhale','/human-practices')}>RNhale</a> as industrial experts. Throughout the <aonClick={()=>goToPagesAndOpenTab('tab-delivery','/engineering')}>development process</a>, we tested two commercially available kits: the <strong>Cayman Chemical LNP Exploration Kit (LNP-102)</strong> and the <strong>Corden Pharma LNP Starter Kit #2</strong>. While the Cayman kit demonstrated limited transfection efficiency, the Corden Pharma formulation significantly enhanced cellular uptake in lung tissues. Building on this, we integrated the <strong>SORT LNP</strong> method based on Wang's research [1], making our nanoparticles lung-specific. Additionally, we employed a <strong>spray-drying technique</strong> by RNhale [2] to improve the stability of our LNP, ensuring that it withstands the inhalation process without degradation and by that, <strong>AirBuddy</strong> was born. </p>
<p>The SORT LNPs are especially suited for pulmonary delivery due to their capacity for precise organ targeting. Their structural stability is maintained during the delivery process, and the spray-drying approach significantly enhances their resilience, allowing the LNPs to remain intact throughout inhalation. This stability is crucial for the efficient delivery of mRNA into lung epithelial cells, where PrimeGuide can effectively perform genome editing. To evaluate the delivery efficiency, we transfected HEK293 cells using fluorescent cargo and quantified the results through FACS analysis.</p>
<p>To ensure that AirBuddy meets the necessary standards for safety and efficacy, we conducted extensive <strong>characterization of the LNPs</strong> using techniques such as Zeta potential analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (cryo-EM). These methods confirmed the uniformity, stability, and optimal size distribution of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, <strong>cytotoxicity assessments</strong>, including MTT and proliferation assays, demonstrated that our LNPs are biocompatible and do not impede cell growth or function by the incorporation of PEG and other ambivalent components. These findings reinforce AirBuddy's potential as a safe and effective tool for pulmonary delivery, with broad implications for gene therapies targeting lung diseases.</p>