<p>Designing DNA fragments for the Gibson assembly.</p>
<p>**Nitrate Reduction Pathways**<br
Nitrates can be removed from water through several bacterial metabolic processes. The most prevalent pathway is denitrification, in which NO₃⁻ is sequentially reduced to NO₂⁻ and then to N₂, which is released into the atmosphere (Zhao et al., 2018). Other important nitrate reduction pathways include dissimilatory NO₃⁻ reduction to NH₄⁺ (DNRA) and NO₃⁻ assimilation (Moreno-Vivián et al., 1999).
<p>**Nitrate Reduction Pathways**<br> Nitrates can be removed from water through several bacterial metabolic processes. The most prevalent pathway is denitrification, in which NO₃⁻ is sequentially reduced to NO₂⁻ and then to N₂, which is released into the atmosphere (Zhao et al., 2018). Other important nitrate reduction pathways include dissimilatory NO₃⁻ reduction to NH₄⁺ (DNRA) and NO₃⁻ assimilation (Moreno-Vivián et al., 1999).
DNRA, typically utilised by bacteria in anaerobic conditions for the purposes of energy conservation, involves converting NO₃⁻ into NH₄⁺ in a two-step reaction via the NO₂⁻ intermediate (Herrmann & Taubert, 2022). While DNRA retains nitrogen in its bioavailable form (NH₄⁺), it does not directly incorporate it into organic compounds. Thus, both denitrification and DNRA result in the loss of available nitrogen—either as atmospheric nitrogen in the case of denitrification or as NH₄⁺ that is not assimilated into biomass in the case of DNRA.
