@book{Chadwick_2012,address={London},edition={2nd ed},title={Encyclopedia of applied ethics},ISBN={978-0-12-373932-2},publisher={Academic Press},author={Chadwick, Ruth F.},year={2012},language={eng}}
@article{
@article{Rubeis_Steger_2018,title={Risks and benefits of human germline genome editing: An ethical analysis},volume={10},ISSN={1793-8759, 1793-9453},DOI={10.1007/s41649-018-0056-x},number={2},journal={Asian Bioethics Review},author={Rubeis, Giovanni and Steger, Florian},year={2018},month=jul,pages={133–141},language={en}}
doi:10.1073/pnas.1213273110,
@article{Ansah_2022,title={Ethical Challenges and Controversies in the Practice and Advancement of Gene Therapy},volume={2022},rights={https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},ISSN={2573-8461},DOI={10.1155/2022/1015996},abstractNote={One of the most important technologies in modern medicine is gene therapy, which allows therapeutic genes to be introduced into cells of the body. The approach involves genetics and recombinant DNA techniques that allow manipulating vectors for delivery of exogenous material to target cells. The efficacy and safety of the delivery system are a key step towards the success of gene therapy. Somatic cell gene therapy is the easiest in terms of technology and the least problematic in terms of ethics. Although genetic manipulation of germline cells at the gene level has the potential to permanently eradicate certain hereditary disorders, major ethical issues such as eugenics, enhancement, mosaicism, and the transmission of undesirable traits or side effects to patients’ descendants currently stymie its development, leaving only somatic gene therapy in the works. However, moral, social, and ethical arguments do not imply that germline gene therapy should be banned forever. This review discusses in detail the current challenges surrounding the practice of gene therapy, focusing on the moral arguments and scientific claims that affect the advancement of the technology. The review also suggests precautionary principles as a means to navigate ethical uncertainties.},journal={Advances in Cell and Gene Therapy},author={Ansah, Emmanuel Owusu},editor={Miao, Carol H.},year={2022},month=aug,pages={1–5},language={en}}
author={Baruch Fischhoff },
@book{Pugh_2020,edition={1},title={Autonomy, Rationality, and Contemporary Bioethics},rights={https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/},ISBN={978-0-19-885858-4},url={https://academic.oup.com/book/33778},DOI={10.1093/oso/9780198858584.001.0001},abstractNote={Abstract Personal autonomy is often lauded as a key value in contemporary Western bioethics, and the claim that there is an important relationship between autonomy and rationality is often treated as an uncontroversial claim in this sphere. Yet, there is also considerable disagreement about how we should cash out the relationship between rationality and autonomy. In particular, it is unclear whether a rationalist view of autonomy can be compatible with legal judgments that enshrine a patient’s right to refuse medical treatment, regardless of whether ‘… the reasons for making the choice are rational, irrational, unknown or even non-existent’. This book brings recent philosophical work on the nature of rationality to bear on the question of how we should understand autonomy in contemporary bioethics. In doing so, the author develops a new framework for thinking about the concept, one that is grounded in an understanding of the different roles that rational beliefs and rational desires have to play in personal autonomy. Furthermore, the account outlined here allows for a deeper understanding of different forms of controlling influence, and the relationship between our freedom to act, and our capacity to decide autonomously. The author contrasts his rationalist account with other prominent accounts of autonomy in bioethics, and outlines the revisionary implications it has for various practical questions in bioethics in which autonomy is a salient concern, including questions about the nature of informed consent and decision-making capacity.},publisher={Oxford University PressOxford},author={Pugh, Jonathan},year={2020},month=apr,language={en}}
\ No newline at end of file
title={The sciences of science communication},
journal={Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
abstract={The May 2012 Sackler Colloquium on “The Science of Science Communication” brought together scientists with research to communicate and scientists whose research could facilitate that communication. The latter include decision scientists who can identify the scientific results that an audience needs to know, from among all of the scientific results that it would be nice to know; behavioral scientists who can design ways to convey those results and then evaluate the success of those attempts; and social scientists who can create the channels needed for trustworthy communications. This overview offers an introduction to these communication sciences and their roles in science-based communication programs.}}
@@ -55,8 +56,36 @@ export function BFHTimeline () {
"
heading="placeholder"
>
<divid="synworkshop"style={{display:"none"}}>
So much more
<h6>Setting</h6>
<p>
The kernel workshop was given by Traci Haddock, Director of Community at <ahref="https://www.asimov.com/">ASIMOV Boston</a>. She introduced the Kernel software and showed us how to
implement AI-based tools in our synthetic biology project. The program can be used to graphically display plasmids. By uploading parts in an
iGEM-related database, safety considerations and registry entries can be checked automatically.
<p><b>Tracy explains the “marshmallow madness” to us. </b></p>
</div>
<h6>What did we learn?</h6>
<p>
We learned the basics of kernels in order to design plasmids by understanding general plasmid construction and problem solving through different
cloning strategies. </p>
<p>
Furthermore, Kernel has an AI-assisted search function that can be used for plasmid representation, e.g. to find a specific
promoter based on certain requirements. Traci showed us practical exercises for firsthand application. First, we were asked to
recreate a plasmid followed by a slightly trickier task: We should clean the world of major marshmallow contamination by developing
a plasmid. In small groups we discussed which components the plasmid needed. Tracy gave us some information with which we quickly
identified crucial components of the plasmid and then designed it.
</p>
<p>In the end, each group presented their solution. The funniest and most creative approaches were celebrated. </p>
</div>
</TimelineItemPic>
<TimelineItemTwoPic
...
...
@@ -86,11 +115,16 @@ export function BFHTimeline () {
csstag="talktwo"
vorname="Karla"
nachname="Wagner"
heading="placeholder"
text="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et"
>
heading="Optimization of a DKR of a Tertiary Alcohol through Protein Engineering"
text=""
>
<divid="talktwo"style={{display:"none"}}>
So much more
<p>
Karla Wagner, a PhD researcher at the <b>IOCB of the University of Bielefeld</b> with a background in organic chemistry and biotechnology. During the workshop, Karla discussed her research on optimizing the dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of tertiary alcohols using protein engineering. Her work focuses on sustainable chemistry practices, particularly by using enzymes in biocatalysis, aligning with the principles of sustainable chemistry.
</p>
<p>
Her presentation centered around her research on the synthesis of chiral tertiary alcohols, which are valuable in the production of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and flavouring agents. She emphasized the importance of chirality in pharmaceuticals, noting how different enantiomers of a molecule can have drastically different effects, such as the case of Thalidomide.
</p>
</div>
</TimelineItemPic>
<TimelineItem
...
...
@@ -161,24 +195,33 @@ export function BFHTimeline () {
text="Novel technologies opened possibilities and risks. Learn how you implement Safety and Security Strategies within your project and think more responsible in terms of Dual Use."
>
<divid="safeworkshop"style={{display:"none"}}>
<p>The biosafety workshop was held by Svenja Vinke. Svenja is a postdoctoral researcher specializing in
synthetic biology at the Church Lab, Harvard Medical School, and serves on the Safety and Security
Committee of iGEM. She started by outlining the key concepts of biosafety and biosecurity and emphasized
how important laboratory safety is first and foremost. </p>
<p>
The biosafety workshop was held by Svenja Vinke. As a postdoctoral researcher specializing in synthetic biology at the Church Lab, Harvard Medical School. Svenja works on the iGEM Safety and Security Committee. Additionally, she was part of the Biosafety and Security Award Team of Bielefeld University in 2016.
</p>
<p>
First and foremost, she started the workshop by outlining the key concepts of biosafety and biosecurity, emphasizing how important laboratory safety is.
<p>She also explained which safety aspects we should consider for our project: </p>
<ul>
<li> possible misuse (dual use) </li>
<li> built-in safety levels</li>
<li> if possible, several built in security mechanisms or at least recognizable that safety strategies that have been worked</li>
<li><b>Dual use:</b> Refers to technology or research that can be used for both beneficial and harmful purposes. For example, AI designed for medical diagnosis could also be misused for harmful surveillance. Managing dual-use risks involves careful consideration of both the positive applications and the potential for misuse.</li>
<li><b>Built-In Safety Levels:</b> This concept involves designing systems with multiple layers of safety to prevent failure or minimize harm. In technology and engineering, built-in safety levels ensure that even if one layer fails, others remain intact to maintain safe operation.</li>
<li><b>Safe-by-Design: </b> Safe-by-Design emphasizes integrating safety considerations into the earliest stages of product or system development. By anticipating risks and hazards from the start, this approach proactively minimizes dangers before they become issues, leading to safer outcomes.</li>
</ul>
<p>This particularly applies to any delivery systems that can address their target particularly efficiently,
as these systems could be the center of potential misuse. </p>
<p>Finally, each team gave brief presentations of their projects and engaged in a group discussion on potential
security risks and general security considerations. Together, we brainstormed and identified specific
aspects of each project that could present potential risks. </p>
<p>From Svenja’s seminar, we learned which safety-relevant aspects are particularly important, as well as
the importance of examining a project from different perspectives to identify and minimize potential
risks related to lab work and the environment. </p>
<p>
Finally, each team gave brief presentations of their projects and engaged in a group discussion on potential security risks and general security considerations. Together, we brainstormed and identified specific aspects of each project that could present potential risks.
</p>
<p>
From Svenja’s seminar, we learned which safety-relevant aspects are particularly important, as well as the importance of examining a project from different perspectives to identify and minimize potential risks related to lab work and the environment.
</p>
</div>
</TimelineItemPic>
<TimelineItemTwoPic
...
...
@@ -195,16 +238,21 @@ export function BFHTimeline () {
text="Experience how science communication could be. Learn creative and funny ways to communicate difficult topics. Think outside the box and train your skills. "
>
<br></br>
<divid="commworkshop"style={{display:"none"}}>
<br></br>
<h6>Setting</h6>
<p>
This workshop was offered to us by <ahref="https://www.stud-scicom.de/">StudSciCom</a>.
StudSciCom is an initiative for science communication by students for students in Germany.
They held this workshop for us for the very first time and we are glad that we were able to offer the
uprising StudSciCom team a platform to try out this kind of outreach. In addition, we were able to gain
knowledge about proper science communication – a clear win-win situation for all of us!
This workshop was offered to us by StudSciCom as part of the BFH Meet-up program at Bielefeld University.
<ahref="https://www.stud-scicom.de/"> StudSciCom</a> is an initiative for science communication by students for students in Germany.
They held this workshop for us for the very
first time and we are glad that we were able to offer the uprising StudSciCom team a platform to try out this kind of outreach. In addition,
we were able to gain knowledge about proper science communication – a clear win-win situation for all of us!
</p>
<p>
Science communication is defined as the practice of informing, educating, and raising awareness about science-related topics among the general public
or specific audiences. It involves various methods such as writing articles, giving presentations, using social media, and engaging in public discussions
to make scientific knowledge accessible and understandable<SupScrollLinklabel="1"/>.
</p>
<h6>What did we learn?</h6>
<p>
...
...
@@ -226,6 +274,21 @@ export function BFHTimeline () {
presented later onto the public at “Der Teuto ruft!” [Link], an event in Bielefeld to connect the local
population with regional companies and institutes to inform them about their work - including our iGEM team!
@@ -310,11 +373,33 @@ export function BFHTimeline () {
csstag="tedtalk2"
vorname="Merel"
nachname="van der Bosch"
heading="placeholder"
text="Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et"
>
heading="How to Create the Perfect Part Characterization"
text=""
>
<divid="tedtalk2"style={{display:"none"}}>
So much more
<p>Merel provided us with strategies based on her cELPro project at TU Eindhoven on how to approach winning the special awards
for Composite Part and New Basic Part. Her team won the <ahref="https://2023.igem.wiki/tu-eindhoven/awards">Composite Part Prize and the Therapeutic Prize</a> at the 2023 iGEM
competition.
</p>
<p>
After presenting her team's project, Merel inspired us with ways we could also achieve this award. We learned different considerations to make, when it comes to part characterization:
</p>
<ul>
<li>How to emphasize the innovativeness of the project</li>
<li>How to highlight the parts potential benefits </li>
<li>How to discuss whether these parts could be applied to other projects</li>
</ul>
<p>
Many projects fail because the experiments conducted are too complex. Therefore, Merel encouraged us to initially carry out simpler experiments for our projects, like pH sensitivity and temperature response. Opening the mindset for other maybe more pragmatic experiments could change the focus of the project and drive the engineering cycle.
Additionally, she showed us what a perfect submission for New Basic Part or Composite Part looks like. The Best Part Registry demonstrates great significance and should be filled with different results and representative analyses to characterize the parts. Conducting experiments for characterization and good documentation are just two aspects. The most crucial part is the demonstration of the part’s functions as intended.
</p>
<p>
We learned what effective strategies for the special awards Composite Part and New Basic Part might look like, and were provided with many helpful tips and tricks on how simple experiments for characterization could be designed.
