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<p>An air-liquid interface culture of human nasal epithelial cells, which have undergone differentiation into ciliated epithelium, may be employed as an example. The formation of ciliated epithelium is evident from the 'flickering'. This phenomenon involves the rhythmic movement of numerous cilia. Additionally, the uniform direction and tempo of cell debris movement, in contrast to the random movement observed in the absence of ciliated epithelium, provides further evidence of its presence.</p>
<p>Apical-Out Airway Organoid (AOAO) culture D19: Visible apical-out airway organoids in action. These 3D structures, which mimic the airway epithelium, allow detailed study of cellular processes such as mucociliary transport and secretory activities, in which cilia and vesicles play a key role.</p>
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<p><strong>Hands-on experience:</strong> Gained practical insights from Michaela Bienert and Julie Watson into the cultivation methods for Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) and apical-out organoids.</p>
<p><strong>Evaluation of culturing techniques:</strong> Assessed the advantages and limitations of different cultivation techniques, allowing us to make informed decisions about which methods to use in our research.</p>