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src/contents/Human Practices/Conclisuin.tsx
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import Collapsible from "../../components/Collapsible";
import { H5, H4 } from "../../components/Headings";
import { useNavigation } from "../../utils";
export function HPconclusion(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<>
<p>Our project has evolved through a deeply collaborative and human-centered approach, integrating diverse feedback from patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry experts. These insights shaped not only the technical aspects of our gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) but also our commitment to addressing real-world patient needs, ethical considerations, and the disparities in CF treatment worldwide. From Max Beckmann’s[Link] patient perspective to expert guidance on technical and ethical issues, each stakeholder contributed to refining our solution, ensuring it is both innovative and empathetic. Our focus on gene therapy targeting CF’s complex mutations, integrating physiotherapy, and ensuring global accessibility demonstrates our holistic and inclusive vision for this project. Importantly, the collaboration with researchers in nanoparticle stability and gene therapy, along with the development of bilingual surveys and outreach materials, highlights our efforts to make science more accessible and transparent, bridging gaps in knowledge and care. </p>
<p>Our project has evolved through a deeply collaborative and human-centered approach, integrating diverse feedback from patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry experts. These insights shaped not only the technical aspects of our gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) but also our commitment to addressing real-world patient needs, ethical considerations, and the disparities in CF treatment worldwide. From<a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('maxfirst', '')}>Max Beckmann’s</a> patient perspective to expert guidance on technical and ethical issues, each stakeholder contributed to refining our solution, ensuring it is both innovative and empathetic. Our focus on gene therapy targeting CF’s complex mutations, integrating physiotherapy, and ensuring global accessibility demonstrates our holistic and inclusive vision for this project. Importantly, the collaboration with researchers in nanoparticle stability and gene therapy, along with the development of bilingual surveys and outreach materials, highlights our efforts to make science more accessible and transparent, bridging gaps in knowledge and care. </p>
<H5 text="Human Practices Integration "/>
<p>From the start, we prioritized engaging with CF patients, making sure that our project aligned with both their needs and scientific expectations. Early input from Max Beckmann, a CF patient and friend of our team, guided key design decisions, such as our focus on lung-targeted gene therapy. His insights also shaped aspects like hygiene protocols for immunocompromised patients and the portrayal of CF in our outreach materials. Max’s ongoing feedback provided invaluable emotional insight, helping us ground the project in the real-world experiences of CF patients.</p>
<H5 text="Stakeholder Engagement "/>
<p>We consulted with medical professionals like Prof. Dr. Olariu[Link], who emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and mental health support in CF treatment. These insights led us to integrate mental health considerations into our therapy design and focus on reducing racial and global disparities in CF care. Physiotherapist Katrin Westhoff[Link] highlighted the need for a user-friendly inhalation-based therapy for younger patients, validating our direction towards creating accessible treatments. </p>
<p>We consulted with medical professionals like <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('olariu', '')}>Dr. Olariu </a> who emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and mental health support in CF treatment. These insights led us to integrate mental health considerations into our therapy design and focus on reducing racial and global disparities in CF care. Physiotherapist <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('westhoffinv', '')}>Katrin Westhoff</a> highlighted the need for a user-friendly inhalation-based therapy for younger patients, validating our direction towards creating accessible treatments. </p>
<H5 text="Ethical, Legal, and Regulatory Considerations "/>
<p>Collaboration with regulatory experts, such as Dr. Eva-Maria Berens[Link], ensured our work adhered to ethical and legal standards, particularly in patient consent and biosafety protocols. Through feedback from legal and bioethics committees, we refined our consent processes and improved our management of personal data, ensuring our project complied with both German and international regulations. </p>
<p>Collaboration with regulatory experts, such as <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('berens', '')}> Dr. Eva-Maria Berens </a> , ensured our work adhered to ethical and legal standards, particularly in patient consent and biosafety protocols. Through feedback from legal and bioethics committees, we refined our consent processes and improved our management of personal data, ensuring our project complied with both German and international regulations. </p>
<H5 text="Technical and Scientific Adaptations "/>
<p>We continuously integrated expert technical feedback into the project. Contributions from Dr. Benjamin Winkeljann[Link] and Dr. Katharina Kolonko[Link] helped us improve the stability and scalability of our spray-dried lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which are essential for RNA delivery. This practical focus on scalable solutions allowed us to address global challenges, such as the need for transportable therapies. Collaborating with yeast cultivation experts like Nils Berelsmann[Link], we also optimized RNA delivery systems[Link] to ensure effective lung penetration. </p>
<p>We continuously integrated expert technical feedback into the project. Contributions from <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('rnhale', '')}>Dr. Benjamin Winkeljann</a> and <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('kolonkofirst', '/human-practices')}>Dr. Katharina Kolonko</a> helped us improve the stability and scalability of our spray-dried lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which are essential for RNA delivery. This practical focus on scalable solutions allowed us to address global challenges, such as the need for transportable therapies. Collaborating with yeast cultivation experts like <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('nberelsmann', '')}>Nils Berelsmann</a>, we also optimized RNA delivery systems[Link] to ensure effective lung penetration. </p>
<H5 text="Global Impact and Inclusivity "/>
<p>Recognizing the disparities in CF care across different regions, particularly in underrepresented areas like Asia, we adjusted our approach to create a more inclusive therapy. With feedback from stakeholders like Joshua[Link] from CF Vest International and Dr. Sriram Vaidyanathan[Link], we ensured our therapy addressed a wider range of CF mutations. This global focus led to bilingual surveys and expanded outreach efforts to raise awareness about CF and gene therapy. </p>
<p>Recognizing the disparities in CF care across different regions, particularly in underrepresented areas like Asia, we adjusted our approach to create a more inclusive therapy. With feedback from stakeholders like <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('joshua', '')}>Joshua Bauder</a> from CF Vest International and <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('sriram', '/human-practices')}>Dr. Sriram Vaidyanathan</a>, we ensured our therapy addressed a wider range of CF mutations. This global focus led to bilingual surveys and expanded outreach efforts to raise awareness about CF and gene therapy. </p>
<H5 text="Feedback Loops and Project Evolution "/>
<p>We employed a structured feedback cycle based on Gibbs' Reflection Cycle, ensuring our design continuously evolved with stakeholder input. From initial design to public outreach, every phase of PreCyse was shaped by the feedback we received, allowing us to develop a patient-centered and globally relevant solution. </p>
<H5 text="Documentation and Future Guidance "/>
<p>We are committed to transparency and open science. Our detailed documentation of stakeholder interactions and methods—including protocols for working with human nasal epithelial cells[Link]—provides a foundation for future iGEM teams. Our outreach efforts, including educational materials and public engagement campaigns, help foster a broader understanding of CF and gene therapy, reflecting iGEM’s vision of responsible and impactful scientific practices. </p>
<HPconTabs/>
<H4 text="Next Steps"/>
<ol>
<li><p><b>Advanced Testing and Preclinical Trials: </b> </p> Following the successful in vitro experiments, our next major milestone is the initiation of animal studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of our gene therapy approach, particularly in CF lung models. </li>
......@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ export function HPconclusion(){
}
function HPconTabs(){
export function HPconTabs(){
return(
<>
......@@ -50,7 +52,7 @@ function HPconTabs(){
<AnalyseWeber/>
<AnalyseBerens/>
<AnalyseMichaela/>
{/* <AnalyseMattijs/> */}
<AnalyseMattijs/>
<AnalyseWischmeyer/>
<AnalyseIgnatova/>
<AnalyseBharti/>
......@@ -102,10 +104,13 @@ function HPconTabs(){
<figcaption><b>Figure x.</b> Caption </figcaption>
</figure>
*/
function AnalyseNils(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Nils Berelsmann & Hakan Soytürk - Specialists in yeast cultivation " id="nilsanalyseC">
<p>Nils Berelsmann and Hakan Soytürk, specialists in yeast cultivation, played pivotal roles in advancing our project. Nils provided us with a yeast strain compatible with Dr. Saito's[Link] recommendations, particularly one that doesn’t express proteases, which would degrade our nickase candidates. This strain was essential for maintaining the integrity of our engineered enzymes. </p>
<p>Nils Berelsmann and Hakan Soytürk, specialists in yeast cultivation, played pivotal roles in advancing our project. Nils provided us with a yeast strain compatible with <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('saito', '/human-practices')}>Dr. Saito's</a> recommendations, particularly one that doesn’t express proteases, which would degrade our nickase candidates. This strain was essential for maintaining the integrity of our engineered enzymes. </p>
<p>Hakan equipped us with the methodological expertise needed to work with yeast, guiding us through the complexities of yeast cultivation. With their support, we adapted our engineering design specifically for yeast expression. Nils also supplied us with a target vector optimized for yeast expression, which we successfully used to integrate a CasX nickase candidate. This proved especially valuable as our Spu candidates were difficult to integrate due to the use of overhangs. We are still working on this challenge, staying in close contact with the experts to refine our process. </p>
<figure>
<div className="row">
......@@ -276,7 +281,7 @@ function AnalyseBharti(){
function AnalyseIgnatova(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Prof. Dr. Ignatova – CF Expert & Researcher" id="ignatovaanalyseC">
<p></p>
<p>Through our collaboration with iGEM Hamburg[Link], we were introduced to Prof. Ignatova, a leading expert in cystic fibrosis (CF) research. Initially, we consulted her to gain a deeper understanding of CF. Later, when the HEK cells from Leuven proved unsuitable for our tests, we reached out again to explore alternative cell models. </p>
<p>Prof. Ignatova provided access to the CFBE41o- cell line, immortalized CF cells derived from a CF patient, which we obtained with permission from Prof. Karl Kunzelmann at the University of Regensburg. This cell line offered us a new, reliable testing system, and we successfully cultivated the cells in our lab, although they required significant time to acclimate and grow. </p>
<p>Looking forward, we plan to conduct patch-clamp experiments with these cells to validate our prime editing approach. Our discussions with Prof. Ignatova also broadened our perspective on gene therapy. She shared her work on recoding tRNAs to address defective mutations, which introduced us to alternative therapeutic strategies. This was an eye-opening experience that added depth to our approach. </p>
<figure>
......@@ -322,9 +327,9 @@ function AnalyseWischmeyer(){
function AnalyseMattijs(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Mattjis Bulcaen – University of Leuven, CF and Prime Editing Expert" id="mattijsanalyseC">
<p>Mattjis Bulcaen provided invaluable assistance by supplying us with HEK cells as a testing system, which we retrieved from Leuven and successfully cultured in our cell culture lab. He explained the system behind these test cell lines, allowing us to adapt the pegRNA engineering for our Prime Editing complex. We integrated the structural motif TevoPreQ1 into the pegRNA, which enhanced the efficiency of the Prime Editor—a critical improvement we successfully tested and demonstrated in our results. </p>
<p>Thanks to Mattjis' guidance, we were able to create an optimal pegRNA for our project. However, after conducting patch clamp measurements, we found that the HEK cells were unsuitable for our needs, requiring us to adjust our testing system. As a result, we switched to Ignatova cells from Hamburg for further experiments. </p>
<figure>
<p>Mattijs Bulcaen, being a researcher working on a topic very close to ours, provided invaluable guidance in the early stages of our project. He gave us an insight into the current advances in the field that we that we were able to make use of later on. He reviewed with us our own ideas and considerations, such as the use of the PEAR reporter system. Following our interview with Mattijs we integrated the structural motif trevopreQ1 into the pegRNA, which enhanced the prime editing efficiency - a critical improvement we successfully tested and demonstrated in our results. </p>
<p>Our decision of first testing prime editing in HEK293 cells instead of other cell lines or primary cells was also based on his statement that HEK cells are by far the easiest to archieve editing in. Mattijs additionally recommended the use of HEK293T cell lines overexpressing CFTR and CFTR F508del[link]. However, after conducting patch clamp measurements, we found that the HEK cells were unsuitable for our needs, requiring us to adjust our testing system. As a result, we switched to Ignatova[Link] cells from Hamburg for further experiments. </p>
<figure>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt="" />
......@@ -402,13 +407,14 @@ function AnalyseMichaela(){
)
}
function AnalyseBerens(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Eva-Maria Berens – Head of ethics committee at University of Bielefeld" id="berensanalyseC">
<p>In our pursuit of generating primary cultures from human nasal epithelial cells for testing, we sought advice from the Biosafety and Security Committee of iGEM, which led us to consult with Dr. Eva-Maria Berens, our ethics officer. Through in-depth discussions with Dr. Berens, we carefully assessed the risks and legal obligations associated with our project. We learned that, given the minimal invasiveness of the procedure, no formal bioethics application was necessary. However, we recognized the importance of developing a legally sound informed consent form for participants, ensuring that we adhered to the relevant legal frameworks. </p>
<p>In collaboration with various legal institutions, we drafted a comprehensive informed consent form that complies with both national regulations in Germany and the specific policies of Bielefeld University. As the first iGEM team to tackle the complex cultivation of human primary nasal epithelial cells, we were committed to paving the way for future teams. To support this, we created a guideline documenting the proper handling of human biomaterial obtained through these types of sample collection. </p>
<p>Additionally, we worked with Ms. Gabriele Anton[Link], the local biodata officer, to establish protocols for the management and storage of sensitive, personally identifiable data. While no special procedures were required for our specific project, we nonetheless made it a priority to implement anonymized methods to protect participant privacy. </p>
<p>The input and feedback from Dr. Berens and Ms. Anton formed the ethical and legal foundation of our project. With their guidance, we were able to proceed with official approval, allowing us to not only test primary cultures with our technology. Moreover, our contributions to biosafety were significantly advanced as we ensured compliance with all legal and ethical standards. </p>
<p>Having established the necessary ethical and legal groundwork, we turned our focus to the practical aspects of handling and cultivating patient samples. This required specialized expertise, which led us to seek assistance from Stemcell Technologies [Link Michaela]to ensure the successful cultivation and maintenance of the nasal epithelial cells. Their support was essential in enabling us to push forward with our testing and bring our project closer to real-world applications. </p>
<p>Having established the necessary ethical and legal groundwork, we turned our focus to the practical aspects of handling and cultivating patient samples. This required specialized expertise, which led us to seek assistance from <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('michaela', '/human-practices')}>Stemcell Technologies</a> ensure the successful cultivation and maintenance of the nasal epithelial cells. Their support was essential in enabling us to push forward with our testing and bring our project closer to real-world applications. </p>
<figure>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
......@@ -444,11 +450,12 @@ function AnalyseBerens(){
)
}
function AnalyseWeber(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Prof. Dr. Weber and Dr. Große-Onnebrink " id="weberanalyseC">
<p>Prof. Weber and Dr. Große-Onnebrink emphasized the potential of targeting ionocytes due to their crucial role in CFTR expression while highlighting the challenges of accessing these cells and penetrating the mucus barrier. Additionally, they suggested using an Ussing chamber to assess CFTR function, although they noted its limitations, and recommended exploring chitosan-based nanoparticles as a safer alternative to PEG-lipid systems. </p>
<p>In response to their insights, we continued to explore ionocytes but expanded our focus to include other cell types to enhance testing flexibility. We further investigated chitosan-based nanoparticles and optimized their size for better lung penetration. We plan to utilize the Ussing chamber for CFTR measurements and are also considering patch clamping for detailed transfection analysis. </p>
<p>Prof. Weber highlighted the innovative aspects of our project, particularly regarding cell culture methods. He advised us to consider the ethical and legal implications, which led us to consult with the head of the ethics committee at the University of Bielefeld, Dr. Berens[Link]. Due to legal concerns, the committee is unable to support our project directly, as they have an interest in developing their own Chitosan LNPs, which conflicts with the open-source nature of the iGEM competition. Nevertheless, they provided us with valuable information up to that point, guiding our understanding and approach to the project. </p>
<p>Prof. Weber highlighted the innovative aspects of our project, particularly regarding cell culture methods. He advised us to consider the ethical and legal implications, which led us to consult with the head of the ethics committee at the University of Bielefeld, <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('berens', '/human-practices')}>Dr. Eva-Maria Berens</a>. Due to legal concerns, the committee is unable to support our project directly, as they have an interest in developing their own Chitosan LNPs, which conflicts with the open-source nature of the iGEM competition. Nevertheless, they provided us with valuable information up to that point, guiding our understanding and approach to the project. </p>
<figure>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
......@@ -479,7 +486,7 @@ function AnalyseMoor(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Benjamin Willem Moorlach – Chitosan Expert " id="moorlachanalyseC">
<p>We gained valuable insights into the unique properties of chitosan, a cationic polymer with significant potential to stabilize RNA in our lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations. Chitosan offers robust protection against RNases and exhibits heat stability, making it suitable for processing methods like spray drying. Additionally, its mucoadhesive properties enable optimal choice as LNP component. </p>
<p>A critical insight was the necessity for chitosan to be in an acidic environment (pH 4-6) to maintain its positive charge, which is essential for effective RNA interaction. While it cannot replace PEG due to its hydrophilic nature, chitosan is ideal for forming RNA-chitosan complexes, which can then be encapsulated within LNPs. This approach significantly enhances RNA stability during spray drying, a method we intend to further test in collaboration with RNhale[Link]. </p>
<p>A critical insight was the necessity for chitosan to be in an acidic environment (pH 4-6) to maintain its positive charge, which is essential for effective RNA interaction. While it cannot replace PEG due to its hydrophilic nature, chitosan is ideal for forming RNA-chitosan complexes, which can then be encapsulated within LNPs. This approach significantly enhances RNA stability during spray drying, a method we intend to further test in collaboration with <a href="https://rnhale.com/">Rnhale</a>. </p>
<p> In terms of implementation, Benjamin educated us on the chemical and structural properties of chitosan, reinforcing our approach to improve stability, particularly against heat, in our LNP formulations. He provided guidance on formulating chitosan-RNA complexes and developed a protocol for integrating them into our LNP formulation without affecting the charge of the nanoparticles. Additionally, he supplied us with chitosan in various sizes, enabling us to test different chitosan complexes for optimal results. </p>
<figure>
<div className="row">
......@@ -548,7 +555,7 @@ function AnalyseKolonko(){
function AnalyseRnhale(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Benjamin Winkeljann – RNhale, Industry Expert & Researcher " id="rnhaleanalyseC">
<p>Dr. Benjamin Winkeljann from RNhale[Link] provided crucial technical guidance that significantly enhanced our project. His expertise in spray-dried lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) allowed us to improve the shelf-life and scalability of our formulations. We learned about the limitations of CF therapies regarding international access, cost, and availability, which highlighted the need for sustainable solutions. </p>
<p>Dr. Benjamin Winkeljann from <a href="https://rnhale.com/" >Rnhale</a> provided crucial technical guidance that significantly enhanced our project. His expertise in spray-dried lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) allowed us to improve the shelf-life and scalability of our formulations. We learned about the limitations of CF therapies regarding international access, cost, and availability, which highlighted the need for sustainable solutions. </p>
<p>We discovered that spray drying is an effective method for stabilizing LNPs, enabling transport without refrigeration — a more environmentally friendly approach that reduces energy consumption. </p>
<p>Our close collaboration with RNhale will continue even after the wiki freeze, focusing on producing spray-dried LNPs and testing them on our primary cultures. We are also investigating how to enhance the stability of LNPs, particularly in protecting RNA from heat damage, and are seeking experts in chitosan for further support. </p>
<p>During discussions with a young startup entrepreneur, we explored the possibility of pursuing an entrepreneurship-oriented[Link] project but ultimately decided to focus on a human-centered approach that prioritizes the needs of CF patients over cost-driven industrial pathways. </p>
......
src/contents/Human Practices/Feedback.tsx
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......@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import * as Graph from '../../components/Graph';
import { H4, H5 } from '../../components/Headings';
import { Collapsible } from "../../components/Collapsible";
import PreCyse from '../../components/precyse';
import { HPconTabs } from './Conclisuin';
export function HPFeedback(){
......@@ -10,10 +11,56 @@ export function HPFeedback(){
<div>
<p>Through our project, the insights and feedback from various stakeholders and experts played a crucial role in shaping and refining our approach. We actively integrated their input into the design, execution, and public engagement aspects of our work, ensuring a human-centered, scientifically sound solution. Below, we highlight key contributors and how their feedback impacted the project's development across multiple phases. </p>
<H4 text="Our surveys on cystic fibrosis and gene therapy"></H4>
<p>From our outreach efforts, we learned that many people lack knowledge about cystic fibrosis and desire more education on the subject. The same applies to gene therapy, with most individuals expressing openness to treatment options, which reinforces our commitment to pursuing this approach. </p>
<p>However, we recognize the importance of handling the public's trust and lack of knowledge responsibly. We aim to educate the community about safety and ethical considerations surrounding gene therapy. </p>
<p>In response, we have decided to implement feedback by creating informative materials such as flyers and utilizing platforms like Muko Move [Link] [PO_MUKOmove.docx], Teuto ruft [Link] [HP_TeutoRuft.docx], SchülerInnenakademie [Link] [PO_Schülerakademie.docx], and social media [Link] [https://www.instagram.com/igem.bielefeld/?hl=de] to raise awareness and provide education. </p>
<figure>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt="" />
</div>
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt=""/>
</div>
</div>
<figcaption><b>Figure x.</b> Caption </figcaption>
</figure>
<figure>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt="" />
</div>
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt=""/>
</div>
</div>
<figcaption><b>Figure x.</b> Caption </figcaption>
</figure>
<figure>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt="" />
</div>
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt=""/>
</div>
</div>
<figcaption><b>Figure x.</b> Caption </figcaption>
</figure>
<p><strong>Lack of knowledge about CF:</strong> Many people are unfamiliar with cystic fibrosis and expressed a need for more education on the subject.</p>
<p><strong>Gene therapy openness:</strong> Most individuals showed openness to gene therapy treatments, reinforcing our commitment to pursuing this therapeutic approach.</p>
<H4 text="Our surveys on cystic fibrosis and gene therapy"></H4>
<p> We are proud of our surveys on gene therapy and cystic fibrosis (CF), which explore knowledge about the disease and willingness to embrace gene therapy as a potential treatment. Since we wanted to differentiate between the general public and affected CF patients, we created two different surveys.</p>
<p><strong>Building public trust:</strong> Recognized the importance of handling the public's trust and addressing the knowledge gap about gene therapy in a responsible and transparent manner.</p>
<p><strong>Education and ethical considerations:</strong> Committed to educating the public on safety and ethical aspects of gene therapy to foster understanding and trust.</p>
<p><strong>Implementation of feedback:</strong> Created informative materials (flyers) and expanded outreach through platforms like Muko Move, Teuto ruft, SchülerInnenakademie, and social media to increase awareness and provide education.</p>
<div>
<Collapsible id="collapsible1" open={false} title="Full results of our surveys">
<p> We are proud of our surveys on gene therapy and cystic fibrosis (CF), which explore knowledge about the disease and willingness to embrace gene therapy as a potential treatment. Since we wanted to differentiate between the general public and affected CF patients, we created two different surveys.</p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className='row graphs' >
<div className="col">
......@@ -37,6 +84,7 @@ export function HPFeedback(){
<p>A vast majority, 93.48%, expressed interest in more information about gene therapy. This mirrors the general public’s desire for further education and suggests that while there is strong support for gene therapy, people still feel they lack sufficient knowledge to make fully informed decisions. Patients especially emphasized the importance of safety and long-term efficacy, areas that should be focal points in future communications. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
......@@ -45,9 +93,27 @@ export function HPFeedback(){
<p>Both groups are ready for gene therapy, with patients showing fewer "no concerns," likely due to their familiarity with risks and off-target effects. This underscores the importance of our focus on safety and precision to minimize risks. Our research is designed to address these concerns through targeted approaches – <strong>we are <PreCyse/>!</strong></p>
<p>Additionally, there’s a clear demand for more information, especially via platforms like TV, social media, and the internet. Targeted educational campaigns through these channels will be crucial to increase awareness and understanding, helping to build on the existing optimism and foster greater acceptance of gene therapy, like we do in our various public outreach efforts for science communication.</p>
</div>
<div>
<Collapsible id="collapsible1" open={false} title="See the full results of our surveys">
<div className='row'>
<H5 text="Detailed Analysis"></H5>
<details>
<summary>Click to see</summary>
<DetailedAnalysis/>
</details>
</Collapsible>
</div>
<H4 text="Stakeholer Analyses"></H4>
<HPconTabs/>
</div>
)
}
function DetailedAnalysis(){
return(
<>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhoAffectedatients/>
......@@ -71,7 +137,7 @@ export function HPFeedback(){
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
......@@ -223,10 +289,6 @@ export function HPFeedback(){
<p>When asked how they would prefer to receive more information, 22.62% of respondents selected TV documentaries and programs as their preferred medium, while 16.63% expressed interest in websites and online resources (see diagram 11). This preference for visual and online formats aligns with the public’s general reliance on media for learning about CF and other medical topics. Social media and online communities (15.96%) also ranked highly, indicating that digital platforms are an effective way to reach a broad audience. These findings can guide future efforts to create engaging and informative content about CF and gene therapy.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</Collapsible>
</div>
</div>
</div></>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/safety.tsx
+ 7
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......@@ -104,10 +104,10 @@ export const Safety: React.FC = () =>{
</p>
<p>
<strong>CFBE41o- cell line:</strong> The CFBE41o- cell line, derived from the bronchial epithelial cells of a cystic fibrosis patient, is homozygous for the F508del-CFTR mutation and was essential for our cystic fibrosis research. A reduced CFTR expression level is present. The cell line carries the CFTR defect and can therefore represent a patient with CF. The cell line is used to test our mechanism. These cells were immortalized with a replication-defective plasmid that retains their physiological properties.
</p>
<p>
When working with the HEK293T and CFBE41o- cell lines, it’s important to consider the minimal risks associated with their use. While not harmful on their own, the genetic modifications in HEK293T cells require careful handling to prevent accidental release or exposure. These cells, engineered to overexpress CFTR, including the F508del mutation, necessitate strict safety measures like regular monitoring and proper waste disposal to comply with S1 laboratory standards. Similarly, CFBE41o- cells, due to their genetic modifications and disease relevance, require careful handling to avoid cross-contamination and ensure biosafety.
</p>
</p>
<p>
<strong>Human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs):</strong> Human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were harvested using a nasal brush, a minimally invasive procedure, and cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures to model the airway epithelium. Human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) were obtained using a nasal brush, a minimally invasive technique, and then cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures to model the airway epithelium. Using these primary cultures, derived from donors with airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis, we were able to simulate the in vivo conditions of such diseases.
Due to the sensitive nature of these primary human cells, we performed all experiments with hNECs in our S2 laboratory, where increased safety precautions were taken. This included strict safety controls, safe handling of samples and proper disposal of materials after testing. In particular, the hNECs underwent HHH (Triple H: HIV, HCV and HBV) testing to ensure that no contamination occurred during sample collection or experimentation. These tests included sterility testing, viability assessments and contamination testing to ensure the safety and integrity of both the samples and the laboratory environment. After a negative HHH test, the primary cultures can be treated as S1. In addition, the nasal epithelial cells were handled with the utmost care during collection, ensuring that all procedures were performed under sterile conditions to avoid any risk of contaminationFor this purpose, the intensive examination of ethical questions was fundamental and a constant companion of our project. The numerous results from the interviews in the areas of: Ethics, storage and training in the handling of samples have been summarized in a guideline for patient consent for Germany and are intended to provide iGEM teams with the scope, critical examination and observance of iGEM rules, international and national guidelines.
......@@ -134,13 +134,13 @@ export const Safety: React.FC = () =>{
<div className="figure-wrapper">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/biosafety/kollage/new/img-2041.jpeg" style={{height: "10%"}}/>
<figcaption> <b></b> Photo-gallery of laboratory. A: Key lock. B: Key-locked door. C: Alarm plan. D: Emergeny button for electriotion stop. E: Emergency telephone. F: First aid kit, cardiac defibrillaton and emergency exit and fire alarm plan. G: Wash bin with emergency eye wash. H: Emergency shower. I: Lockable cabinets for chemical storage. </figcaption>
<figcaption> <b>Figure 1</b> Photo-gallery of laboratory. A: Key lock. B: Key-locked door. C: Alarm plan. D: Emergeny button for electriotion stop. E: Emergency telephone. F: First aid kit, cardiac defibrillaton and emergency exit and fire alarm plan. G: Wash bin with emergency eye wash. H: Emergency shower. I: Lockable cabinets for chemical storage. </figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div className="figure-wrapper">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/biosafety/kollage/new/img-2037.jpeg" style={{height: "10%"}}/>
<figcaption> <b></b> Photo-gallery of S1 laboratory. A: Autoclave. B: Refrigerator with chemicals. C: Weighing room with chemical storage. D: Clean bench work space with vortex, pipettes, heat block and bench top centrifuge. E: pH electrode in fume hood. F: Ice machine. G: Fire distinguisher and S1 waste. H: Fume hood with liquid waste.</figcaption>
<figcaption> <b>Figure 2</b> Photo-gallery of S1 laboratory. A: Autoclave. B: Refrigerator with chemicals. C: Weighing room with chemical storage. D: Clean bench work space with vortex, pipettes, heat block and bench top centrifuge. E: pH electrode in fume hood. F: Ice machine. G: Fire distinguisher and S1 waste. H: Fume hood with liquid waste.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</p>
......@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ export const Safety: React.FC = () =>{
<div className="figure-wrapper">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/biosafety/kollage/new/img-2040.jpeg" style={{height: "10%"}}/>
<figcaption> <b></b> Photo-gallery of laboratory and chemical storage. A: Safety cabinets. B: Incubator. C: Safety cabinet.</figcaption>
<figcaption> <b>Figure 3</b> Photo-gallery of laboratory and chemical storage. A: Safety cabinets. B: Incubator. C: Safety cabinet.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p>
......@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ export const Safety: React.FC = () =>{
<div className="figure-wrapper">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/biosafety/kollage/new/img-2042.jpeg" style={{height: "10%"}}/>
<figcaption> <b>Photo-gallery of S2 laboratory. A: Door of S2 lab with S2 sign. B: Emergency shower and fire distinguisher. C: Clean bench with centrifuge. D: Incubator. E: Safety cabinet. F: Emergeny telephone. G: S2 lab coat with S2 sign. H: Microscope. I: Autoclave.</b> </figcaption>
<figcaption> <b>Figure 4</b>Photo-gallery of S2 laboratory. A: Door of S2 lab with S2 sign. B: Emergency shower and fire distinguisher. C: Clean bench with centrifuge. D: Incubator. E: Safety cabinet. F: Emergeny telephone. G: S2 lab coat with S2 sign. H: Microscope. I: Autoclave. </figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</Section>
......@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ export const Safety: React.FC = () =>{
<div className="figure-wrapper">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/biosafety/wiki/bild.png" style={{height: "10%"}}/>
<figcaption> <b>Illustration of the introduction of silent mutations leading to the PAM disrupt.</b> </figcaption>
<figcaption> <b>Figure 5</b>Illustration of the introduction of silent mutations leading to the PAM disrupt. </figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<H4 text="Riboswitch"></H4>
......@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ export const Safety: React.FC = () =>{
<div className="figure-wrapper">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/biosafety/wiki/bild-2.png" style={{height: "10%"}}/>
<figcaption> <b>Illustration of the mechanism of action of the riboswitch.</b> </figcaption>
<figcaption> <b>Figure 6</b>Illustration of the mechanism of action of the riboswitch. </figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p>
......
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