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Merged Yusuke Ikemi requested to merge tmp3 into main
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@@ -29,17 +29,21 @@ Without the use of pesticides, it is estimated that fruit production would decre
@@ -29,17 +29,21 @@ Without the use of pesticides, it is estimated that fruit production would decre
vegetable production by 54%, and grain production by 32%[[2]](#reference).
vegetable production by 54%, and grain production by 32%[[2]](#reference).
Although pesticides continue to be indispensable for food production in modern society, they are facing the need for new technological innovations. There are three reasons.
Although pesticides continue to be indispensable for food production in modern society, they are facing the need for new technological innovations. There are three reasons.
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The first is the transformation of the production environment due to large-scale natural disasters and climate change such as global warming.
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These environmental transformations will make it difficult to control pests and diseases with conventional pesticides.
 
Specifically, examples have been reported of the expansion of the range of pests and insects and the increase in resistance due to global warming [[6]](#Reference).
 
In order to achieve a stable supply of crops, pest control that can flexibly respond to changes is important.
 
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## Crimate Change
## Crimate Change
The first is the transformation of the production environment due to large-scale natural disasters and climate change such as global warming.
Second, the range of pests that can be controlled with existing pesticides is limited.
These environmental transformations will make it difficult to control pests and diseases with conventional pesticides.
Although many pesticides exist for major pests, there are still pests that cannot be controlled by pesticides.
Specifically, examples have been reported of the expansion of the range of pests and insects and the increase in resistance due to global warming.
Examples include soil bacteria, viruses, and insects.
In order to achieve a stable supply of crops, pest control that can flexibly respond to changes is important.
In addition, the problem of pesticide resistance has the potential to limit the scope of future pest control.
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Although chemical pesticides are properly applied to prevent the emergence of resistant species, there are still concerns about resistant species [[7]](#Reference).
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Expanding the limits of such control coverage is important to improve the productivity of farmland, to increase food self-sufficiency, and to ensure stable livelihoods for farmers.
 
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## Limitations of pest control coverage
## Limitations of pest control coverage
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ With this innovative approach, wet-lab aims to extend the effect duration of RNA
@@ -151,7 +155,7 @@ With this innovative approach, wet-lab aims to extend the effect duration of RNA
In general, pesticides undergo a process called formulation in order to increase their effectiveness or to compensate for their weaknesses. In addition to compensating for the weakness of pesticides that are easily degraded as described in section 1, we are also trying to solve the weakness of pesticides that are sprayed and washed away by rain, or that RNA does not reach the target by surface presentation of several proteins on the MV.
In general, pesticides undergo a process called formulation in order to increase their effectiveness or to compensate for their weaknesses. In addition to compensating for the weakness of pesticides that are easily degraded as described in section 1, we are also trying to solve the weakness of pesticides that are sprayed and washed away by rain, or that RNA does not reach the target by surface presentation of several proteins on the MV.
We decided to use the SpyCatcher-SpyTag system to present multiple proteins on the same membrane surface, Spontaneously forms an isopeptide bond between SpyTag, a short peptide, and SpyCatcher, a small protein. For more information on the SpyCatcher-SpyTag system, please check Design.
We decided to use the SpyCatcher-SpyTag system to present multiple proteins on the same membrane surface, Spontaneously forms an isopeptide bond between SpyTag, a short peptide, and SpyCatcher, a small protein. For more information on the SpyCatcher-SpyTag system, please check Design.
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![Overview of MOVE](/description/move-ponch.webp)
## 3. Predictive model for RNA pesticide implementation: economic model
## 3. Predictive model for RNA pesticide implementation: economic model
@@ -208,3 +212,8 @@ Ultimately, the project will contribute to comprehensive pest control that is no
@@ -208,3 +212,8 @@ Ultimately, the project will contribute to comprehensive pest control that is no
[4] FAO, “Integrated Pest Management” in *Pest and Pesticide Management*, https://www.fao.org/pest-and-pesticide-management/ipm/integrated-pest-management/en/
[4] FAO, “Integrated Pest Management” in *Pest and Pesticide Management*, https://www.fao.org/pest-and-pesticide-management/ipm/integrated-pest-management/en/
[5] Yan, S., Ren, B.-Y. and Shen, J. , [Nanoparticle-mediated double-stranded RNA delivery system: A promising approach for sustainable pest management](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1744-7917.12822). *Insect Science* **28**, 21-34 (2021).
[5] Yan, S., Ren, B.-Y. and Shen, J. , [Nanoparticle-mediated double-stranded RNA delivery system: A promising approach for sustainable pest management](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1744-7917.12822). *Insect Science* **28**, 21-34 (2021).
 
 
[6]National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Reserch Organization,[A study on the current impact of global warming on agriculture](https://www.naro.go.jp/publicity_report/publication/files/ondanka.pdf).
 
 
[7]National Agriculture and Bio-oriented Reserch Organization,[Draft guidelines for the management of pesticide-resistant agricultural pests](https://www.naro.go.jp/laboratory/nias/contents/files/PRMfull.pdf).
 
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