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src/contents/Contribution/Wiki/Wiki-downloads.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { H4 } from "../../../components/Headings";
import { TwoLinePDF } from "../../../components/Pdfs";
export function WikiDown(){
return(
<>
<div className="col cycletab" id="flyers" style={{display: "block"}}>
<div className='row align-items-center'>
<p>Please note that due to the freezing of the wiki we will not be able to continously update the guide. To obtain the current version, email the current iGEM team Bielefeld (info[at]igem-bielefeld[dot]de) or the Head of Wiki from 2024 (liliana.sanfilippo[at]uni-bielefeld[dot]de). </p>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
<H4 text="Our Wiki Guide"/>
<TwoLinePDF link='https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/pdfs/wiki-broschure-v1-2.pdf' name="wiki-broschure-v1-2.pdf" />
</div>
<div className="col">
<H4 text="Our Wiki Helper"/>
<TwoLinePDF link='https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/pdfs/vokabelliste-wiki.pdf' name="vokabelliste-wiki.pdf" />
</div>
</div>
<H4 text="SVGs"/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/albuterol.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/antibiotics-capsule.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/antibiotics-inhaler-with-capsules.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/antibiotics-inhaler.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/hypertonic-saline-triple.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/orkambi.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/dna-strang-schmal-fat.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/dna-strang-schmal-fatter.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}}src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/trikafta-beide.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/hypertonic-saline-single.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/cough.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/cold.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/mask.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/gibbsreflection.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}}src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/feedbackcycle.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/mendelow-1-aktuell.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/mendelow-2.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/mendelow-3-1.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/mendelow-4.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/first-place.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/second-place.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/third-place.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/box.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/certificate.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/kit.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/new-box.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/tickets.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/trophy.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/download.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/justice.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/talking-bubbles.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/design/icons/test-tube.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/bones.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/brain.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/glands.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/heart.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/largeintestine.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/liver.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/lungs.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/nose.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/pancreas.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/pregnancy.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/skin.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/stomach.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/diet.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/modulators.svg"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/mucolytics.svg"/>
</div>
</div>
{/* <br/>
<hr/>
<br/>
<div className="row" style={{maxHeight: "100px", marginBottom: "20px", marginTop: "20px", paddingTop: "20px", paddingBottom: "20px"}}>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src=""/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src=""/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src=""/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src=""/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{maxHeight: "80px"}} src=""/>
</div>
</div> */}
</div>
</div>
</>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Contribution/Wiki/trouble-data.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { Code } from "../../../components/Code";
export interface Troubleshoot{
tags: Array<Searchcriteria>;
title: string;
examplechildren: React.ReactNode;
solutionchildren: React.ReactNode;
text?: React.ReactNode;
}
type Searchcriteria = "html" | "script" | "css" | "react" | "type" | "properties" | "pipeline" | "module" | "browser" | "console" |"overload" ;
export const troubledata: Array<Troubleshoot> = [
{
tags: ["react", "type"],
title: "Type X is not assignable to type Y.",
examplechildren: <></>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["pipeline"],
title: "The pipeline passed but the Wiki is not visible under the url",
text: <><p>This error could be a result of a wrong base url in the vite.config.js file.</p>
<p>E.g. if you switched from plain HTML to the react framework. </p></>,
examplechildren: <><Code>
<p>return defineConfig(&#123;</p>
<p>base: `/`,</p>
<p>...</p>
</Code></>,
solutionchildren: <><p>Change the base url to reflect the correct team url.</p>
<Code>
<p>return defineConfig(&#123;</p>
<p>base: `/$&#123;stringToSlug(env.VITE_TEAM_NAME)&#125;/`,</p>
<p>...</p>
</Code></>
},
{
tags: ["console"],
title: "NS_ERROR_CORRUPTED_CONTENT error in console",
text: <><p> &rarr; See also "The pipeline passed but the Wiki is not visible under the url" as these errors can be connected.</p>
<p> This error for css and js files can be the result of wrong <b>rollupOptions</b> in for the build, to be specific wrong <b>output</b> and <b>assetFileNames</b> options and possibly wrong/empty <b>css</b> options in your vite.config.js. </p>
</>,
examplechildren: <><p>In our case, we had the following code on our vite.config.js</p>
<Code>
<p>build: &#123; </p>
<p>outDir: "dist",</p>
<p>rollupOptions: &#123;</p>
<p>output: &#123;</p>
<p> assetFileNames: `assets/[ext]/[name]-[hash].[ext]`</p>
<p>&#125; &#125; &#125; , </p>
</Code>
<p> Our <b>css</b> options were empty, which could also have played a factor for the css files.</p>
<Code>
<p>css: &#123;</p>
<p>preprocessorOptions: &#123;</p>
<p>css: &#123;</p>
<p> //javascriptEnabled: true, // Enable JavaScript in CSS (useful for certain CSS preprocessor plugins)</p>
<p> &#125; &#125; &#125;,</p>
</Code></>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["browser", "console"],
title: "Blocked due to MIME type (“text/html”) mismatch (X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff) (Firefox)",
examplechildren: <><p> &rarr; See also "Refused to apply style from &lt;&lt;css file&gt;&gt; because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, strict MIME checking is enabled (Edge)"</p>
</>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["console", "browser"],
title: "Refused to apply style from <<css file>> because its MIME type ('text/html') is not a supported stylesheet MIME type, strict MIME checking is enabled (Edge)",
examplechildren: <><p> &rarr; See also "Blocked due to MIME type (“text/html”) mismatch (X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff) (Firefox)"</p> </>,
solutionchildren: <><p>This error could </p></>
},
{
tags: ["react", "type"],
title: "Type 'undefined' cannot be used as an index type",
examplechildren: <></>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["react", "overload"],
title: "No overload matches this call.",
examplechildren: <></>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["react", "module"],
title: "Module Z has already exported a member named A. Consider explicitly re-exporting to resolve the ambiguity.",
examplechildren: <>index.tsx:
<p className="problem-error"> Module "./Bfh.tsx" has already exported a member named 'LabTabs'. Consider explicitly re-exporting to resolve the ambiguity.</p>
</>,
solutionchildren: <><p>Simply rename the function in one of the modules or consider making it a component if you plan on using it frequently.
</p></>
},
{
tags: ["pipeline"],
title: "error TS6133: 'event' is declared but its value is never read.",
examplechildren: <>HorizontalTimeline.tsx:
<div className="terminal-box">
$ yarn build
<p>yarn run v1.22.19</p>
<p>$ tsc && vite build</p>
<p className="terminal-error">src/components/HorizontalTimeline.tsx(67,23): error TS6133: 'event' is declared but its value is never read.
error Command failed with exit code 2.</p>
<p>info Visit https://yarnpkg.com/en/docs/cli/run for documentation about this command.</p>
</div>
<p>in</p>
<Code>
const openPop = (event : React.MouseEvent&lt;HTMLButtonElement, MouseEvent&gt;) =&gt; {}
</Code></>,
solutionchildren: <><p>Change to: </p>
<Code>
const openPop = (_event : React.MouseEvent&lt;HTMLButtonElement, MouseEvent&gt;) =&gt; {}
</Code></>
},
{
tags: ["html"],
title: "Unexpected token. Did you mean `{'>'}` or `&gt;`?\" id=\"wiki-trouble-16",
examplechildren: <></>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["react", "type"],
title: "Type 'x | undefined' is not assignable to type 'x'",
examplechildren: <></>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["react", "type", "properties"],
title: "Type X is missing the following properties from type Y: a, b, c",
examplechildren: <><p className="problem-error">
Type '&#123; date: string; text: string; &#125;' is missing the following properties from type 'TextEventProps': marker, card
</p>
<p>In reference of the interface TextEventProps:</p>
<Code>
<p>interface TextEventProps &#123; </p>
<p>date: string; </p>
<p>text: string; </p>
<p>marker: React.ReactNode; </p>
<p>id: string; </p>
<p>card: Function; </p>
&#125;
</Code>
<p>For the code:</p>
<Code>
<p> &lt;TextEvent </p>
<p> id="05"</p>
<p> date="14-06-2024"</p>
<p> text="Test test"</p>
<p> /&gt;</p>
</Code></>,
solutionchildren: <>
<h6>Solutions</h6>
<p>One solution could be getting rid of the properties you do not need everywhere and create new property interfaces for all cases.</p>
<p>If you want to stick to more general Interfaces, you can make properties optional:</p>
<Code>
<p>interface TextEventProps &#123; </p>
<p>date: string; </p>
<p>text: string; </p>
<p>marker?: React.ReactNode; </p>
<p>id: string; </p>
<p>card?: Function; </p>
&#125;
</Code>
<p>Remember that this can lead to different return cases for your functions.</p></>
},
{
tags: ["react", "type", "properties"],
title: "Property x does not exist on type Y.",
examplechildren: <></>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["react", "type", "properties"],
title: "Property x is missing in type y but required in type z.",
examplechildren: <><p className="problem-error"> Argument of type '&#123; [x: string]: any; &#125;' is not assignable to parameter of type '&#123; classNames: string[]; &#125;'.
Property 'classNames' is missing in type '&#123; [x: string]: any; &#125;' but required in type '&#123; classNames: string[]; &#125;'.</p>
<p> for </p>
<Code>className=&#123;joinClassNames(&#123;[&#39;text-event&#39;, className]&#125;)&#125; </Code>
</>,
solutionchildren: <><p>In this example, the problem was that the property "classNames" was not explicitly named.</p>
<p>Changing it to </p>
<Code>className=&#123;joinClassNames(&#123;<b>classNames:</b>[&#39;text-event &#39;, className]&#125;)&#125;</Code>
</>
},
{
tags: ["css"],
title: "I added css styles but they do not show",
examplechildren: <><p>The color is not showing on hover.</p>
<Code>.nav-link:hover &#123;
color: var(--darkpurple);
background-color: var(--yellow) !important;
border-radius: 3px;
&#125;</Code></>,
solutionchildren: <><p>Styles not showing is often a case of a different style overriding your style. Some styles are pre defined by bootstrap or other packages you may use. </p>
<p> If an external package is overriding your style, you need to add the <b>!important</b> tag to your style. </p>
<p> If one of your own styles is overriding the new style, you can change your old style or define a new, more specific style case. E.g. by using a more specific css path. But you may still need to add the <b>!important</b> tag. </p>
<Code> .nav-link:hover &#123;
color: var(--darkpurple) <b>!important</b>;
background-color: var(--yellow) !important;
border-radius: 3px;
&#125;
</Code></>
},
{
tags: ["css", "script"],
title: "(subtabs[i] as HTMLElement).style.display = \"x\"; is not working.",
examplechildren: <></>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
{
tags: ["react", "script"],
title: "Property 'style' does not exist on type 'Element'.",
examplechildren: <>
<p className="problem-error">
Property 'style' does not exist on type 'Element'.
</p>
<p>for the Code: </p>
<Code>
const subtabs &#x3D; document.getElementsByClassName(&quot;sidesubtab&quot;);
for (let i &#x3D; 0; i &lt; subtabs.length; i++) &#123;
(subtabs[i]).style.display &#x3D; &quot;none&quot;;
console.log(\&#x60;Hiding subtab: $&#123;subtabs[i].id&#125;\&#x60;);
&#125;
</Code>
</>,
solutionchildren: <></>
},
]
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Contribution/Wiki/troubleshooting.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { WikiSelector } from "../../../components/Filter";
import { Filterables } from "./Filterables";
import { troubledata } from "./trouble-data";
export function Troubleshooting(){
let items = Filterables(troubledata)
return(
<div>
Please select what you want to troubleshoot for.
<WikiSelector></WikiSelector>
<div id="nono" className="noshow">
This combination returns no instances.
</div>
{items}
</div>
)
}
src/contents/Contribution/Wiki/wiki-overview.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
export function WikiOverview(){
return(
<div>
<p>This content is not yet finished and will be reworked after the Jamboree.</p>
<p>To help teams get started, we wrote down what we wished we would have easily found while building our wiki with React.</p>
<p><b>Getting startet</b> explains some basics that are important to know. This especially concerns the differences between using plain HTML and React, but the structure of the wiki, too. </p>
<p><b>Troubleshooting</b> is an iteractive search for problems that may arise and how we solved them. </p>
<p><b>Components</b> contains some components we used that we found very helpful. Many packages that offer components such as timelines were not exactly what we were looking for or did not work with our packages. The solution was to create our own components. </p>
<p><b>Downloads</b> contains svgs we created - not all of them we were able to use. </p>
<p><b>Resources</b> contains links zu helpful external. </p>
</div>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Contribution/Wiki/wiki-sources.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import Collapsible from "../../../components/Collapsible";
export function Sources(){
return(
<div>
<Collapsible id="wiki-icons" title="Images and Icons" >
Most teams need a lot of pictures, components, icons and alike. They can be difficult to find, especially free and open source ones.
<ul>
<li> <a href="https://bioicons.com/"> https://bioicons.com/</a> </li>
<li> <a href="https://togotv.dbcls.jp/en/pics.html" > https://togotv.dbcls.jp/en/pics.html </a> </li>
<li> <a href="https://smart.servier.com/" >https://smart.servier.com/</a> </li>
<li> <a href="https://openclipart.org/" > https://openclipart.org/</a> </li>
<li> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SVG_files" >https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SVG_files</a> </li>
<li> <a href="https://www.flaticon.com/">https://www.flaticon.com/</a> </li>
<li> <a href="https://biologicalicons.com/en">https://biologicalicons.com/en</a> </li>
<li> <a href="https://www.svgrepo.com/">https://www.svgrepo.com/</a> </li>
<li> <a href="https://www.humanbiomedia.org/">https://www.humanbiomedia.org/</a> </li>
<li><a href="https://smart.servier.com/">https://smart.servier.com/</a></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://superdesigner.co/tools/svg-backgrounds">https://superdesigner.co/tools/svg-backgrounds</a></li>
</ul>
</Collapsible>
<Collapsible id="wiki-colors" title="Colours" >
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.w3schools.com/colors/colors_mixer.asp"> Color Mixer</a></li>
<li><a href="https://redketchup.io/color-picker">Image Color Picker</a></li>
<li><a href="https://coolors.co/">Color Palette Creator</a></li>
<li><a href="https://rgbcolorcode.com/color/converter/"> HEX to RGB and back</a></li>
<li><a href="https://cssgradient.io/"> CSS gradient picker</a></li>
</ul>
{/* <li><a href=""></a></li> */}
</Collapsible>
<Collapsible id="wiki-tools" title="Coding">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.cssportal.com/">CSS resources</a></li>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.cssportal.com/scss-to-css/">SCSS to CSS</a></li>
<li><a href=" https://www.cssportal.com/css-clip-path-generator/">CSS Clip Path generator</a></li>
</ul>
<li><a href="https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/">CSS flexbox guide</a></li>
<li><a href="https://transform.tools/html-to-jsx">HTML to JSX</a></li>
<li><a href="https://nikitahl.github.io/svg-2-code/">Turn SVGs into HTML code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.svgviewer.dev/svg-to-react-jsx">Turn SVGs into JSX code</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.prettifycss.com/">Prettify CSS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://htmlcss.tools/">https://htmlcss.tools/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://beautifytools.com/javascript-beautifier.php">Prettify JS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://tympanus.net/Development/ClickEffects/">Click effects</a></li>
<li><a href="https://michalsnik.github.io/aos/">AOS</a></li>
<li><a href="https://flamingtempura.github.io/bibtex-tidy">Tidy bibtex</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.toptal.com/designers/htmlarrows/arrows/">HTML entity codes</a></li>
</ul>
</Collapsible>
<Collapsible id="wiki-placeholder" title="Placeholders">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://www.loremipsum.de/">https://www.loremipsum.de/</a></li>
</ul>
</Collapsible>
<Collapsible id="wiki-accessibility" title="Accessibility">
<ul>
<li><a href="https://schema.org">https://schema.org</a></li>
</ul>
</Collapsible>
</div>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Contribution/Wiki/wiki-start.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
export function Started(){
return(
<>
<h3>Differences between React and plain HTML</h3>
<p>These can lead to confusing errors if you are used to HTML.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th></th>
<th>Plain HTML</th>
<th>Using React</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th> <code>&lt;tags&gt; </code> </th>
<th>
<p> Most tags have to be opened and closed, but some can be only opened. </p>
<p> e.g. img, br, ... <code> &lt;img src:"somesource" alt="alt"&gt; </code> </p>
</th>
<th>
<p> Every tag has to be closed. </p>
<p> e.g. img, br, ...
<code> &lt;img src:"somesource" alt="alt"/&gt;</code> or
<code> &lt;img src:"somesource" alt="alt"&gt; &lt;/img&gt; </code> </p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Attribute Names</th>
<th>
<p> Global attribute names are always written in lowercase and two words are fused into one by "-". </p>
<p> E.g. "class", "charset", ...</p>
<p> This is also the case when using the syle-attribute. </p>
<p> E.g. <code>style="color:blue; text-align:center"</code></p>
</th>
<th>
<p>Global attribute names are generally written in lowercase but use the camel case if two words have to be fused. Some attrubutes have slightly different names.</p>
<p>E.g. "className", "charSet", ...</p>
<p> This is also the case when using the style-attribute.</p>
<p> E.g. <code>style=&#123;&#123;vectorEffect: &quot;non-scaling-stroke&quot;&#125;&#125;</code></p>
<p>This does not apply to the css file!</p>
</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th>Style attribute</th>
<th>
<p> style="<var>attribute</var>: <var>value</var>; <var>attribute</var>: <var>value</var>" </p>
</th>
<th>
<p> style=&#123;&#123;<var>attribute</var>: "<var>value</var>", <var>attribute</var>: "<var>value</var>" &#125;&#125;</p>
</th>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h3>Good to knows</h3>
</>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Contribution/Wiki/wiki-tabs.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { TabContext, TabList, TabPanel } from "@mui/lab";
import { Box, Tab } from "@mui/material";
import React from "react";
import { Sources } from "./wiki-sources";
import { WikiDown } from "./Wiki-downloads";
export function WikiTabs() {
const [value, setValue] = React.useState('1');
const handleChange = (_event: React.SyntheticEvent, newValue: string) => {
setValue(newValue);
};
return (
<Box sx={{ width: '100%', typography: 'body1' }}>
<TabContext value={value}>
<Box sx={{ borderBottom: 1, borderColor: 'divider' }}>
<TabList onChange={handleChange} aria-label="lab API tabs example">
<Tab label="Wiki Guide & Downloads" value="1" />
<Tab label="Other Resources" value="2" />
</TabList>
</Box>
<TabPanel value="1"> <WikiDown/> </TabPanel>
<TabPanel value="2"> <Sources/> </TabPanel>
</TabContext>
</Box>
);
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Contribution/Wiki/wiki.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { Subesction } from "../../../components/sections";
import { WikiTabs } from "./wiki-tabs";
export function Wiki () {
return (
<Subesction title="Wiki Developement" id="Our Contributions2">
<WikiTabs></WikiTabs>
</Subesction>
);
}
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src/contents/Contribution/collabs.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { PDF } from "../../components/Pdfs";
import { Subesction } from "../../components/sections";
import { useNavigation } from "../../utils";
export function CollabContribution(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Subesction title="LNP Handbook" id="Our Collaborations2">
<p>In collaboration with the iGEM teams <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/linkoping/">Linkoping</a>, <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/patras/">Patras</a>, <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/radboud-university/team">Radboud University</a> and <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/termosz-selye-hun/">TERMOSZ-Selye-HUN</a>, we contributed a comprehensive overview of lipid-based delivery systems. Our contribution to the handbook aims to provide future iGEM teams with a deeper understanding of LNP (Lipid Nanoparticle) development. By bringing together diverse teams and innovative solutions, we strive to make a positive impact on the emerging field of LNP design. Our goal is to enhance the accessibility of various LNP formulations and adapt this promising technology for a wide range of therapeutic applications. </p>
<p>Download our LNP Hanbook that was created in <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('colls2024', '/human-practices')}>cooperation</a> with the team <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/linkoping/">Linköping</a>.</p>
<PDF link="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/pdfs/liposomes-handbook.pdf" name="liposomes-handbook.pdf"/>
</Subesction>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Contribution/contribution.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { GuidePDF } from "../../components/Pdfs";
import { Section, Subesction } from "../../components/sections";
import { useTabNavigation } from "../../utils/TabNavigation";
import { MeetUP } from "./BFH/bfh";
import { CollabContribution } from "./collabs";
import { SafetyContribution } from "./safety-contribution";
import { Wiki } from "./Wiki/wiki";
export function Contribution() {
useTabNavigation();
return (
<>
<Section title="Abstract" id="Abstract">
<p>The BFH European Meet-Up showcased significant contributions to the iGEM community through extensive collaborations and innovative advancements. Our key contributions include the development of the BFH Guideline in partnership with iGEM teams Hamburg and Frankfurt, providing a blueprint for future Meet Ups, and a collaborative video podcast with iGEM Münster, offering insights into team growth. </p>
<p>Additionally, we contributed to the LNP Handbook with teams from <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/linkoping/">Linkoping</a>, <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/patras/">Patras</a>, <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/radboud-university/team">Radboud University</a>, and <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/termosz-selye-hun/">TERMOSZ-Selye-HUN</a>, advancing lipid-based delivery systems for therapeutic use. </p>
<p>On the scientific front, we developed practical tools like a collection of optimized protocols, the PreCL reporter system for Prime Editing, and the innovative PrimeGuide Prime Editing technology, enhancing research efficiency and precision. Our AirBuddy lipid nanoparticle system represents a breakthrough in gene therapy, offering a safer and more effective method for lung-specific RNA and DNA delivery. These collaborations and innovations will have a lasting impact, supporting future iGEM teams and driving forward synthetic biology research. </p>
</Section>
<MeetUP/>
<Section title="Our Collaborations" id="Our Collaborations">
<Subesction title="MeetUp Guideline" id="Our Collaborations1">
<GuidePDF/>
<p>In cooperation with the iGEM teams Hamburg and Frankfurt, we have developed a comprehensive guideline for the organization of a meet-up. This guideline serves as a template for other iGEM teams and provides a complete overview of all essential aspects that should be considered when planning and organizing a successful meet-up. It covers all the necessary content, from initial brainstorming to practical implementation, and is designed to help teams organize their own events smoothly. </p>
<p>Additionally, in collaboration with iGEM Münster, we created a video podcast that summarizes the developments and feedback from the participating teams and reflects on both Meet-ups. It was particularly interesting to observe the growth of the team members and the progress of their projects. The video podcast will be featured on the Wiki page of Team Münster and will also be included here after the Wiki freeze. </p>
</Subesction>
<CollabContribution/>
</Section>
<Section title="Our Contributions" id="Our Contributions">
<SafetyContribution/>
<Wiki/>
</Section>
<Section title="Conclusion" id="Conclusion">
<p>Throughout the BFH European Meet-Up, we actively engaged in meaningful collaborations and made significant contributions to the iGEM community. In partnership with iGEM teams Hamburg and Frankfurt, we developed the BFH Guideline, a comprehensive resource designed to help future teams successfully organize Meet Ups. Our collaboration with iGEM Münster resulted in a video podcast that reflects on the growth and progress of participating teams, providing valuable insights for future competitions. </p>
<p>Additionally, we worked alongside teams from <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/linkoping/">Linkoping</a>, <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/patras/">Patras</a>, <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/radboud-university/team">Radboud University</a>, and <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/termosz-selye-hun/">TERMOSZ-Selye-HUN</a> to contribute to the LNP Handbook, advancing knowledge in lipid-based delivery systems for therapeutic applications. </p>
<p>On the scientific front, we created a collection of protocols, the PreCL reporter system, and the innovative PrimeGuide Prime Editing technology, all of which aim to enhance research efficiency and precision. Our AirBuddy nanoparticle system for lung-specific delivery further exemplifies our commitment to advancing gene therapy solutions. These collaborations and contributions not only enriched the event but will continue to have a lasting impact on future iGEM teams and synthetic biology research. </p>
</Section>
</>
);
}
src/contents/Contribution/patient-contribution.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { H4 } from "../../components/Headings";
import { PDF, TwoLinePDF } from "../../components/Pdfs";
export function PatientContribution(){
return(
<>
<div className='row align-items-center'>
<div className='col '>
<H4 text="Patient consent form"/>
<TwoLinePDF link="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/pdfs/patienteneinwilligung-mustervorlage-igem-2.pdf" name="patienteneinwilligung-mustervorlage-igem-2.pdf"/>
</div>
<div className='seperator-2 col-2'>
</div>
<div className='col '>
<H4 text="Questionnaire for sample collection "/>
<TwoLinePDF link="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/pdfs/translated-questionnaire-cf-patients.pdf" name="translated-questionnaire-cf-patients.pdf"/>
</div>
<p>When working with primary cultures, it is extremely important to consider the bioethical aspects of the project. To address this, we sat down with the Ethics Officer at Bielefeld University, Dr. Berens, and discussed the matter with her. As a result, we created a patient consent form for the donors of primary cells, which we also want to present as a template for future German iGEM teams. <b>However, we want to emphasize that it is not guaranteed to be comprehensive, nor does it have any legal approval.</b></p>
<H4 text="Hygiene Concept"/>
<PDF link="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/pdfs/final-hygiene-concept.pdf" name="final-hygiene-concept.pdf"/>
</div>
</>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Contribution/safety-contribution.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { H4 } from "../../components/Headings";
import { PDF } from "../../components/Pdfs";
import { Subesction } from "../../components/sections";
import { PatientContribution } from "./patient-contribution";
export function SafetyContribution(){
return(
<>
<Subesction title="Biosafety & Security" id="Our Contributions1" >
<H4 text="Primary Culture Safety Guideline"/>
<p>In the early phases of our project, we encountered several challenges while working to bring it together. We quickly decided to focus on human biomaterials, specifically cultivating primary human nasal epithelial cells from both Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients and wild-type controls. To ensure compliance, we carefully evaluated the safety regulations of our institution and government. Our contribution includes three key elements: </p>
<ol>
<li> A guideline outlining the proper handling of biomaterials according to BSL2 standards, along with additional safety measures to ensure secure experimental design. </li>
<li> A clinical trial-style questionnaire designed to assess the medical history of participants donating nasal epithelial cells. </li>
<li> A hygiene protocol aimed at improving safety and cleanliness standards in various institutions and sanitary facilities. </li>
</ol>
<PDF link="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/pdfs/primary-culture-guideline.pdf" name="primary-culture-guideline.pdf"/>
<PatientContribution/>
<p>By contributing these frameworks, we enable future iGEM teams to overcome potential limitations that may arise during project development. These resources provide clear guidelines and tools to ensure safety, regulatory compliance, and efficient workflow, allowing teams to focus on advancing their research without facing similar challenges. </p>
</Subesction>
</>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Home Folder/svg-one.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
Source diff could not be displayed: it is too large. Options to address this: view the blob.
src/contents/Home.tsx
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { useEffect } from "react";
import { useLocation } from "react-router-dom";
import { openFromOtherPage } from "../components/Buttons";
import { FadeIn } from "../components/FadeIn";
import { useTabNavigation } from "../utils/TabNavigation";
import { useNavigation } from "../utils";
import { OurLink } from "../components/Link";
export function Home() {
const location = useLocation();
useEffect(() => {
const params = new URLSearchParams(location.search);
const collapseId = params.get('collapseId');
const tabId = params.get('tab');
// Scroll to the section specified by collapseId
if (collapseId) {
const collapseElement = document.getElementById(collapseId);
if (collapseElement) {
const elementTop = collapseElement.getBoundingClientRect().top + window.pageYOffset;
const offset = window.innerHeight / 2 - collapseElement.offsetHeight / 2;
const scrollPosition = elementTop - offset;
window.scrollTo({
top: scrollPosition,
behavior: 'smooth',
});
}
}
// Open the tab specified by tabId
if (tabId) {
openFromOtherPage(tabId)({ currentTarget: document.getElementById(tabId)! });
}
}, [location.search]);
useTabNavigation();
const {goToPageAndScroll} = useNavigation();
/* */
return (
<>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
<div className="col">
<div className="col header-container landing-page-header" id="landing-page-header">
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/2024-preise.webp" id="lpbild"/>
</div>
<div className="col-3">
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/gold-medaille-wiki.webp" />
</div>
</div>
<br/>
<h3 style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Our Project, Our Victory</h3>
<h4 style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Gold Medal for Excellence in Synthetic Biology and Engineering Success as one of the best therapeutic projects</h4>
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>A true honor for our <b>cutting-edge</b> contributions to the world of synthetic biology and <b>engineering breakthroughs</b>.</p>
<br/>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col center">
<img style={{margin: "auto"}} height="400px" className="center" src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/best-integrated-human-pratices.webp" />
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{margin: "auto"}} height="400px" className="center" src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/best-presentation-award.webp" />
</div>
<div className="col">
<img style={{margin: "auto"}} height="400px" className="center" src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/safety-and-security-neu.webp" />
</div>
</div>
<div className="row align-items-center" style={{marginBottom: "none !important", paddingBottom: "0px !important"}}>
<div className="col" style={{marginBottom: "none !important", paddingBottom: "0px !important"}}>
<h3 style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Best Integrated Human Practices</h3>
</div>
<div className="col" style={{marginBottom: "none !important", paddingBottom: "0px !important"}}>
<h3 style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Best Presentation</h3>
</div>
<div className="col" style={{marginBottom: "none !important", paddingBottom: "0px !important"}}>
<h3 style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Safety and Security Award</h3>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row align-items-center" >
<div className="col">
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Ethical, impactful, and groundbreaking science</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Ability to communicate complex science with clarity and impact</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Unmatched safety standards, ensuring innovation with responsibility</p>
</div>
</div>
<br/><br/>
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>In 2024, our groundbreaking work in <b>synthetic biology</b> and <b>medical engineering</b> was recognized with <b>multiple prestigious awards</b>,
marking a monumental achievement in our journey. These <b>honors</b> are not just trophies — they represent the <b>passion</b>, <b>innovation</b>,
and excellence embedded in every aspect of our project.</p>
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>These <b>honors</b> don’t just validate our science — they affirm our <b>vision</b> for a healthier, smarter, and more sustainable future.
</p>
<h4 style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Experience the Journey </h4>
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Dive deeper into our award-winning work. Watch our <b>epic presentation</b> and explore the full scope of our project.
</p>
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Check out the videos and more to see how we are <b>pushing the boundaries</b> of what's possible:
</p>
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}><OurLink text="Our Project Overview" path="description" scrollToId="Abstract"/></p>
<p style={{textAlign: "center"}}>Award-Winning Presentation Video</p>
<div style={{textAlign: "center"}} className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<iframe title="Bielefeld-CeBiTec: Next-Generation Prime Editing as Cystic Fibrosis Gene Therapy (2024) - Team Presentation [English]" width="560" height="315" src="https://video.igem.org/videos/embed/479e7f99-6931-47bc-9193-d4367beba4f2" frameBorder="0" allowFullScreen sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms"></iframe>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row">
</div>
{/* <div className="col">
<div className="col header-container landing-page-header" id="landing-page-header-2">
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col header-button-row">
<div><H5 text="Take a tour through our highlights:"/> </div>
<p>
&#8594; <a href="description?scrollTo=Abstract">What is <PreCyse/>? </a> <br/> <br/>
&#8594; <a href="engineering?tab=tab-our-cycle&scrollTo=ourcycle">What is our strategy?</a> <br/> <br/>
&#8594; <a href="materials-methods?scrollTo=introduction">How did we do this?</a> <br/> <br/>
&#8594; <a href="results?scrollTo=experimental-design">What did we archieve?</a> <br/> <br/>
&#8594; <a href="parts?scrollTo=Parts Collection2">What parts are we contributing?</a> <br/> <br/>
&#8594; <a href="judging?scrollTo=OverviewH">What are our special awards?</a>
</p>
</div>
<div className="col header-button-row">
<p>
<div className="col">
<button onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll("scrollstart", "")}> <b>SCROLL</b> to see introductory animation.</button>
</div>
</p>
<p>
<div className="col">
<button onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll("Abstract", "/description")} > <b>CLICK</b> to go directly to our Project Description.</button>
</div>
</p>
<p>
<div className="col">
<button onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll("sciency", "")}> <b>JUMP</b> straight to the science part of the animation.</button>
</div>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div> */}
{/* Spacing Block */}
<div className='col' style={{ 'height': '150vh' }}></div>
<FadeIn filepath="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp1.webp" bg='https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp1.webp'></FadeIn>
<FadeIn filepath="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp2.webp" bg='https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp2.webp'></FadeIn>
<FadeIn filepath="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp3.webp" bg='https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp3.webp'></FadeIn>
<FadeIn filepath="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp4.webp" bg='https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp4.webp'></FadeIn>
<FadeIn filepath="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp5.webp" bg='https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/thaw/lp5.webp'></FadeIn>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/landing-page/lp-2.svg"/>
<div className="row">
<div className="col button-x">
<button onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll("Approach2H", "/description")} > Lung-Specific Lipid Nanoparticle</button>
</div>
<div className="col button-x">
<button onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll("Approach1H", "/description")} > Next-Generation Prime Editing Technology
</button>
</div>
</div>
</>
);
}
src/contents/Human Practices/.DS_Store 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
File added
src/contents/Human Practices/Conclisuin.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import Collapsible from "../../components/Collapsible";
import { H5, H4 } from "../../components/Headings";
import { useNavigation } from "../../utils";
import { useTabNavigation } from "../../utils/TabNavigation";
export function HPconclusion(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
const {goToPageAndScroll} = useNavigation();
useTabNavigation();
return(
<>
<p>Our project has evolved through a deeply collaborative and human-centered approach, integrating diverse feedback from patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry experts. These insights shaped not only the technical aspects of our gene therapy for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) but also our commitment to addressing real-world patient needs, ethical considerations, and the disparities in CF treatment worldwide. From <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('maxfirst', '')}>Max Beckmann’s</a> patient perspective to expert guidance on technical and ethical issues, each stakeholder contributed to refining our solution, ensuring it is both innovative and empathetic. Our focus on gene therapy targeting CF’s complex mutations, integrating physiotherapy, and ensuring global accessibility demonstrates our holistic and inclusive vision for this project. Importantly, the collaboration with researchers in nanoparticle stability and gene therapy, along with the development of bilingual surveys and outreach materials, highlights our efforts to make science more accessible and transparent, bridging gaps in knowledge and care. </p>
<H5 text="Human Practices Integration "/>
<p>From the start, we prioritized engaging with CF patients, making sure that our project aligned with both their needs and scientific expectations. Early input from Max Beckmann, a CF patient and friend of our team, guided key design decisions, such as our focus on lung-targeted gene therapy. His insights also shaped aspects like hygiene protocols for immunocompromised patients and the portrayal of CF in our outreach materials. Max’s ongoing feedback provided invaluable emotional insight, helping us ground the project in the real-world experiences of CF patients.</p>
<H5 text="Stakeholder Engagement "/>
<p>We consulted with medical professionals like <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('olariu', '')}>Dr. Olariu </a> who emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and mental health support in CF treatment. These insights led us to integrate mental health considerations into our therapy design and focus on reducing racial and global disparities in CF care. Physiotherapist <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('westhoffinv', '')}>Katrin Westhoff</a> highlighted the need for a user-friendly inhalation-based therapy for younger patients, validating our direction towards creating accessible treatments. </p>
<H5 text="Ethical, Legal, and Regulatory Considerations "/>
<p>Collaboration with regulatory experts, such as <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('berens', '')}> Dr. Eva-Maria Berens </a> , ensured our work adhered to ethical and legal standards, particularly in patient consent and biosafety protocols. Through feedback from legal and bioethics committees, we refined our consent processes and improved our management of personal data, ensuring our project complied with both German and international regulations. </p>
<H5 text="Technical and Scientific Adaptations "/>
<p>We continuously integrated expert technical feedback into the project. Contributions from <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('rnhale', '')}>Dr. Benjamin Winkeljann</a> and <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('kolonkofirst', '/human-practices')}>Dr. Katharina Kolonko</a> helped us improve the stability and scalability of our spray-dried lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), which are essential for RNA delivery. This practical focus on scalable solutions allowed us to address global challenges, such as the need for transportable therapies. Collaborating with yeast cultivation experts like <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('nberelsmann', '')}>Nils Berelsmann</a>, we also optimized <a onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll ('lnps', '/materials-methods')}> RNA delivery Systems </a> to ensure effective lung penetration. </p>
<H5 text="Global Impact and Inclusivity "/>
<p>Recognizing the disparities in CF care across different regions, particularly in underrepresented areas like Asia, we adjusted our approach to create a more inclusive therapy. With feedback from stakeholders like <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('joshua', '')}>Joshua Bauder</a> from CF Vest International and <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('sriram', '/human-practices')}>Dr. Sriram Vaidyanathan</a>, we ensured our therapy addressed a wider range of CF mutations. This global focus led to bilingual surveys and expanded outreach efforts to raise awareness about CF and gene therapy. </p>
<H5 text="Feedback Loops and Project Evolution "/>
<p>We employed a structured feedback cycle based on Gibbs' Reflection Cycle, ensuring our design continuously evolved with stakeholder input. From initial design to public outreach, every phase of PreCyse was shaped by the feedback we received, allowing us to develop a patient-centered and globally relevant solution. </p>
<H5 text="Documentation and Future Guidance "/>
<p>We are committed to transparency and open science. Our detailed documentation of stakeholder interactions and methods—including protocols for working with <a onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll ('Cell Culture3', '/materials-methods')}> human nasal epithelial cells </a>—provides a foundation for future iGEM teams. Our outreach efforts, including educational materials and public engagement campaigns, help foster a broader understanding of CF and gene therapy, reflecting iGEM’s vision of responsible and impactful scientific practices. </p>
<H4 text="Next Steps"/>
<ol>
<li><p><b>Advanced Testing and Preclinical Trials:</b></p> <p>Following the successful in vitro experiments, our next major milestone is the initiation of animal studies to evaluate the safety and efficacy of our gene therapy approach, particularly in CF lung models.</p></li>
<li><p><b>Enhancing RNA Delivery Systems:</b></p> <p>We will continue optimizing our lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations, particularly exploring chitosan integration, to improve RNA stability, lung penetration, and scalability for broader global applications.</p></li>
<li><p><b>Clinical Partnerships:</b></p> <p>Establish stronger ties with clinical institutions to move towards human trials, ensuring that our therapy is aligned with clinical needs and regulatory standards.</p></li>
<li><p><b>Expanded Global Outreach:</b></p> <p>Increase awareness and education on CF and gene therapy through multilingual platforms and collaboration with international CF communities, particularly in underrepresented regions.</p></li>
<li><p><b>Ethical and Legal Considerations:</b></p> <p>Finalize all bioethical protocols for patient sampling and data management to pave the way for safe, compliant future research, including the development of guidelines for future teams.</p></li>
</ol>
<p>By continuing this patient-driven, scientifically rigorous, and globally conscious trajectory, we aim to advance Cystic Fibrosis care and make a lasting impact on patient lives, ensuring that our project remains poised for clinical success.</p>
</>
)
}
export function HPconTabs(){
return(
<>
<AnalyseMax/>
<AalyseOlariu/>
<AnalyseWesthoff/>
<AnalyseJoshua/>
<AnalyseRnhale/>
<AnalyseKolonko/>
<AnalyseMoor/>
<AnalyseWeber/>
<AnalyseBerens/>
<AnalyseMichaela/>
<AnalyseMattijs/>
<AnalyseWischmeyer/>
<AnalyseIgnatova/>
<AnalyseBharti/>
<AnalyseSriram/>
<AnalyseKristian/>
<AnalyseSaito/>
<AnalyseNils/>
</>
)
}
/*
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt=""/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt=""/>
</div>
</div>
function Analyse(){
return(
<Collapsible title="" id="">
</Collapsible>
)
}
<figure>
<img src="link" alt="what is in the pic"/>
<figcaption>
<b>Figure x.</b> Figure Caption
</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure>
<div className="row">
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt="" />
</div>
<div className="col">
<img src="" alt=""/>
</div>
</div>
<figcaption><b>Figure x.</b> Caption </figcaption>
</figure>
*/
function AnalyseNils(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Nils Berelsmann & Hakan Soytürk - Specialists in yeast cultivation " id="nilsanalyseC">
<p>Nils Berelsmann and Hakan Soytürk, specialists in yeast cultivation, played pivotal roles in advancing our project. Nils provided us with a yeast strain compatible with <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('saito', '/human-practices')}>Dr. Saito's</a> recommendations, particularly one that doesn’t express proteases, which would degrade our nickase candidates. This strain was essential for maintaining the integrity of our engineered enzymes. </p>
<p>Hakan equipped us with the methodological expertise needed to work with yeast, guiding us through the complexities of yeast cultivation. With their support, we adapted our engineering design specifically for yeast expression. Nils also supplied us with a target vector optimized for yeast expression, which we successfully used to integrate a CasX nickase candidate. This proved especially valuable as our Spu candidates were difficult to integrate due to the use of overhangs. We are still working on this challenge, staying in close contact with the experts to refine our process. </p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/yeast-plate.webp" alt="" />
</figure>
</div>
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/ppic3k.svg /" alt=""/>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Yeast strain provision:</strong> Nils provided a yeast strain compatible with Dr. Saito's recommendations, which does not express proteases that would degrade our nickase candidates, maintaining the integrity of our engineered enzymes.</p>
<p><strong>Methodological guidance:</strong> Hakan provided expertise in yeast cultivation, guiding us through the complexities of working with yeast.</p>
<p><strong>Engineering adaptation for yeast:</strong> With their support, we adapted our engineering design specifically for yeast expression.</p>
<p><strong>Target vector for yeast:</strong> Nils supplied an optimized target vector for yeast expression, which allowed successful integration of a CasX nickase candidate.</p>
<p><strong>Challenge with Spu candidates:</strong> Integration of Spu candidates proved difficult due to overhangs; we are still working on this challenge and are staying in close contact with the experts to refine the process.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseSaito(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Makoto Saito – Leading Research Expert for FANZOR" id="saitoanalyseC">
<p>Early in our project design, we decided to optimize the Prime Editing technology. From the literature, we identified FANZOR, a small, eukaryotic RNA-binding DNA endonuclease, as a potential alternative to Cas9 for our approach. Through collaboration with the enzyme’s discoverer, Dr. Makoto Saito, we were able to refine our engineering strategy. Dr. Saito encouraged us to modify the TNB domain of FANZOR using site-directed mutagenesis, ensuring the non-coding strand is not positioned in the active site of the RuvC domain. This approach mirrors the nickase strategy used in Cas12 variants. </p>
<p>Dr. Saito also motivated us to express our potential nickase variants in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </i> to better characterize their functionality. He played a key role in supporting our decision to explore additional Cas endonuclease candidates, such as CasX, which is more closely related to Cas9 and Cas12, providing additional flexibility for our gene-editing goals. </p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/saito.webp" alt="" />
</figure>
</div>
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/nspufz.svg" alt=""/>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>FANZOR as Cas9 alternative:</strong> Identified FANZOR, a small eukaryotic RNA-binding DNA endonuclease, as a promising alternative to Cas9 for Prime Editing.</p>
<p><strong>Collaboration with Dr. Saito:</strong> Worked closely with the enzyme’s discoverer, Dr. Makoto Saito, to refine our engineering strategy for FANZOR.</p>
<p><strong>TNB domain modification:</strong> Dr. Saito suggested modifying the TNB domain via site-directed mutagenesis to prevent the non-coding strand from entering the RuvC active site, following the nickase strategy used in Cas12 variants.</p>
<p><strong>Yeast expression for functionality:</strong> Recommended expressing nickase variants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to assess their functionality more effectively.</p>
<p><strong>Exploration of other endonucleases:</strong> Supported the exploration of additional endonucleases like CasX, offering greater flexibility and adaptability in our gene-editing approach.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseKristian(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Prof. Dr. Kristian Müller – Expert for Synthetic Biology, Genetic design, cloning strategies, molecular and cellular biotechnology " id="kristiananalyseC">
<p>In close collaboration with Prof. Müller’s lab, we learned both basic and advanced cloning strategies within synthetic biology. Early on, Prof. Müller suggested making our Prime Editing complex smaller and more stable, enhancing its suitability for various therapeutic applications. His continuous support was crucial in guiding us through the cloning of all constructs, and as an expert in gene therapy, he provided ongoing feedback on the safety aspects of our research. </p>
<p>With access to a BSL2 laboratory provided by Müller’s team, we were able to successfully cultivate primary cell cultures. To ensure safe work conditions, we underwent training for biosafety procedures and routinely tested for HPV, HIV, HBV, and Mycoplasma contamination. Thanks to Müller’s guidance, we contributed a composite part to the iGEM registry. Our PreCyse cassette allows for modular Prime Editing systems that are particularly efficient, stable, and safe based on our research. </p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/precyse.svg" alt="" />
</figure>
</div>
<div className="col">
<figure>
<iframe title="Bielefeld-CeBiTec: Interview Müller AAV vs LNP (2024) [English]" width="560" height="315" src="https://video.igem.org/videos/embed/0613b6b8-7755-4373-9d86-9910fe30781f" frameBorder="0" allowFullScreen={true} sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms"></iframe>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Cloning strategies:</strong> Provided both basic and advanced cloning training, crucial for developing our Prime Editing complex within synthetic biology.</p>
<p><strong>Optimization of Prime Editing complex:</strong> Suggested making the Prime Editing complex smaller and more stable, enhancing its suitability for therapeutic applications.</p>
<p><strong>Ongoing feedback on safety:</strong> As a gene therapy expert, Prof. Müller gave continuous feedback on the safety aspects of our research.</p>
<p><strong>Access to BSL2 lab:</strong> Enabled us to successfully cultivate primary cell cultures in a BSL2 lab, with training in biosafety procedures.</p>
<p><strong>Contamination testing:</strong> Regularly tested for HPV, HIV, HBV, and Mycoplasma contamination to ensure safe working conditions.</p>
<p><strong>Contribution to iGEM registry:</strong> With Prof. Müller's guidance, we developed and contributed the PreCyse cassette, a modular and efficient Prime Editing system, enhancing stability and safety based on our findings.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseSriram(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Sriram Vaidyanathan – Expert on Pediatric medicine and CF in Asia" id="sriramanalyseC">
<p>In our discussions with Dr. Sriram Vaidyanathan, we deepened our understanding of the genetic diversity of CF mutations, especially in Asian populations. He highlighted that while the F508del mutation is common worldwide, many rare CFTR mutations complicate diagnosis and treatment in specific regions.</p>
<p>This insight pushed us to adapt our gene therapy approach to be more inclusive. We adjusted our strategy to ensure our therapy could target a broader range of CF mutations, making it more globally applicable. Dr. Vaidyanathan’s input shaped our efforts to create a treatment that addresses CF’s diverse genetic landscape. </p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/sriram-interview.webp" alt="" />
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Contamination challenge:</strong> Helped us address a major issue with fungal contamination in our CF cell cultures, which were unstable and prone to infection.</p>
<p><strong>Antibiotic solution:</strong> Recommended a specific antibiotic composition effective against fungal infections.</p>
<p><strong>Successful implementation:</strong> Applied the antibiotic mixture, which resolved the contamination problem, allowing us to maintain stable CF cell lines.</p>
<p><strong>Project advancement:</strong> This breakthrough enabled us to proceed with testing our prime editing approach effectively, advancing our project to the final stages of in vitro testing.</p>
<p><strong>Next steps:</strong> Thanks to Dr. Bharti’s insights, we are now positioned to consider potential animal studies as the next phase of our research.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseBharti(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Nikhil Bharti – Expert in Primary culture " id="bhartianalyseC">
<p>Dr. Nikhil Bharti's expertise helped us overcome a major challenge with our CF cell cultures, which were consistently becoming contaminated with fungi due to their instability. He recommended a specific antibiotic composition effective against fungal infections. </p>
<p>We immediately applied this antibiotic mixture to our cell cultures, which resolved the contamination issue and allowed us to maintain stable CF cell lines. This breakthrough enabled us to proceed with testing our prime editing approach effectively. Thanks to Dr. Bharti's insights, we advanced our project to a stage where we reached the limit of in vitro testing, and the next step would be potential animal studies. </p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/cell-culture-mucos.webp" alt="" />
<figcaption>Figure 1. Primary cell culture without antibiotic treatment.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/cell-culture-after-antibiotic-treatment.webp" alt=""/>
<figcaption>Figure 2. Primary cell culture with antibiotic treatment.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Contamination challenge:</strong> Helped us address a major issue with fungal contamination in our CF cell cultures, which were unstable and prone to infection.</p>
<p><strong>Antibiotic solution:</strong> Recommended a specific antibiotic composition effective against fungal infections.</p>
<p><strong>Successful implementation:</strong> Applied the antibiotic mixture, which resolved the contamination problem, allowing us to maintain stable CF cell lines.</p>
<p><strong>Project advancement:</strong> This breakthrough enabled us to proceed with testing our prime editing approach effectively, advancing our project to the final stages of in vitro testing.</p>
<p><strong>Next steps:</strong> Thanks to Dr. Bharti’s insights, we are now positioned to consider potential animal studies as the next phase of our research.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseIgnatova(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Prof. Dr. Ignatova – CF Expert & Researcher" id="ignatovaanalyseC">
<p>Through our collaboration with <a href="https://2024.igem.wiki/hamburg/" title="iGEM Hamburg" > iGEM Hamburg</a>, we were introduced to Prof. Ignatova, a leading expert in Cystic Fibrosis (CF) research. Initially, we consulted her to gain a deeper understanding of CF. Later, when the HEK cells from Leuven proved unsuitable for our tests, we reached out again to explore alternative cell models. </p>
<p>Prof. Ignatova provided access to the CFBE41o- cell line, immortalized CF cells derived from a CF patient, which we obtained with permission from Prof. Karl Kunzelmann at the University of Regensburg. This cell line offered us a new, reliable testing system, and we successfully cultivated the cells in our lab, although they required significant time to acclimate and grow. </p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/zoya-1.webp" alt="" />
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Introduction through iGEM Hamburg:</strong> Collaborated with Prof. Ignatova, a leading expert in CF research, to deepen our understanding of the disease.</p>
<p><strong>Alternative cell models:</strong> After HEK cells from Leuven proved unsuitable, we consulted Prof. Ignatova, who provided access to the CFBE41o- cell line, immortalized CF cells from a patient.</p>
<p><strong>Cell acquisition and cultivation:</strong> Obtained the CFBE41o- cells with permission from Prof. Karl Kunzelmann, successfully cultivated them in our lab, though they required extended acclimation.</p>
<p><strong>Future testing plans:</strong> Plan to use these cells for patch-clamp experiments to validate our prime editing approach.</p>
<p><strong>Broadened perspective on gene therapy:</strong> Discussions with Prof. Ignatova introduced us to alternative therapeutic strategies, such as recoding tRNAs, expanding our understanding of potential treatments for CF.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseWischmeyer(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Prof Dr. Eberhard Wischmeyer - Academic Expert on Patch-Clamp Techniques" id="wischmeyeranalyseC">
<p>Prof. Dr. Erhard Wischmeyer provided critical guidance on the patch-clamp technique for measuring CFTR functionality. His expertise, alongside the hands-on support of Dr. Oliver Dräger from his lab, helped us optimize the patch-clamp experiments using HEK cells provided by Uni Leuven. Together, we conducted electrophysiological measurements to characterize the functionality of CFTR mutations, specifically comparing the delta 508 CFTR mutant with overexpressed healthy CFTR cells. </p>
<p>The experiments showed significant differences between CFTR-deficient cells and healthy controls, but we began questioning the suitability of the delta 508 overexpression cells as a functional test system. After adjusting the culture conditions in consultation with Leuven, we repeated the measurements but still found no meaningful differences. </p>
<p>Ultimately, the feedback cycle with both Leuven and Wischmeyer's lab confirmed that patch-clamp was insufficient for our purposes, leading us to consider Ussing chamber measurements as a more suitable method for assessing CFTR function. </p>
<p><strong>Patch-clamp technique guidance:</strong> Provided critical guidance on using the patch-clamp technique to measure CFTR functionality, optimizing our experiments.</p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/patch-clamp.webp " alt="" />
<figcaption>Figure. Patch-clamp measurement.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Support from Dr. Oliver Dräger:</strong> Hands-on support from Dr. Dräger helped us perform patch-clamp experiments using HEK cells provided by Uni Leuven.</p>
<p><strong>CFTR functionality assessment:</strong> Conducted electrophysiological measurements to compare delta 508 CFTR mutants with overexpressed healthy CFTR cells, revealing significant differences between CFTR-deficient cells and healthy controls.</p>
<p><strong>Suitability concerns:</strong> Despite adjustments to culture conditions, repeated measurements raised doubts about the delta 508 overexpression cells as a functional test system.</p>
<p><strong>Feedback cycle with Leuven and Wischmeyer:</strong> Confirmed that patch-clamp was not suitable for our needs, prompting us to explore Ussing chamber measurements as a more appropriate method for assessing CFTR function.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseMattijs(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
const {goToPageAndScroll} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Mattjis Bulcaen – University of Leuven, CF and Prime Editing Expert" id="mattijsanalyseC">
<p>Mattijs Bulcaen, being a researcher working on a topic very close to ours, provided invaluable guidance in the early stages of our project. He gave us an insight into the current advances in the field that we that we were able to make use of later on. He reviewed with us our own ideas and considerations, such as the use of the PEAR reporter system. Following our interview with Mattijs we integrated the structural motif trevopreQ1 into the pegRNA, which enhanced the prime editing efficiency - a critical improvement we successfully tested and demonstrated in our results. </p>
<p>Our decision of first testing prime editing in HEK293 cells instead of other cell lines or primary cells was also based on his statement that HEK cells are by far the easiest to archieve editing in. Mattijs additionally recommended the use of <a onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll ('Cell Culture', '/materials-methods')}> HEK293T cell lines </a> overexpressing CFTR and CFTR F508del. However, after conducting patch clamp measurements, we found that the HEK cells were unsuitable for our needs, requiring us to adjust our testing system. As a result, we switched to <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('ignatova', '/human-practices')}>Ignatova's</a> cells from Hamburg for further experiments. </p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/mattijs.jpg"/>
</figure>
</div>
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/facs-results-mechanism/bild9.png"/>
<figcaption>Figure. Validation of different pegRNAs efficiency via Patch Clamp via FACS analysis. Portion of Living fluorescent cells against internal control, suggesting high efficient pegRNAs.
</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Consultation because of test system:</strong> HEK cells with corresponding CFTR mutation derived from Leuven were successfully cultured in our lab for testing purposes.</p>
<p><strong>Understanding test cell lines:</strong> Explained the system behind the test cell lines, enabling us to adapt pegRNA engineering for our Prime Editing complex.</p>
<p><strong>Integration of TevoPreQ1:</strong> Helped us incorporate the structural motif TevoPreQ1 into the pegRNA, significantly enhancing the efficiency of the Prime Editor.</p>
<p><strong>Critical improvement:</strong> This enhancement was successfully tested and demonstrated in our results, marking a major advancement in our project.</p>
<p><strong>Switching testing systems: </strong>After patch clamp measurements revealed that HEK cells were unsuitable for further experiments, we adjusted our system and switched to Ignatova cells from Hamburg for continued testing.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseMichaela(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Michaela Bienert – Scientific Sales Representative at Stemcell Technologies" id="michaelaanalyseC">
<p>Through hands-on experience with Michaela Bienert and Julie Watson, we gained valuable insights into the cultivation methods of Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) and apical-out organoids. We evaluated the advantages and limitations of different culturing techniques, which enabled us to make informed decisions about their implementation in our research. With the protocols and resources provided, we successfully generated ALI cultures and organoids from primary cells of CF patients and healthy control donors, which we were able to test throughout the course of our project. </p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/scientific-figures/primary-cultures.webp " alt="" />
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row" style={{ display: "flex", justifyContent: "space-between", gap: "10px" }}>
<div className="col" style={{ flex: "1" }}>
<iframe
title="Bielefeld-CeBiTec: Air-liquid interface (ALI) culture of human nasal epithelial cells (hNECs) (2024)"
width="100%"
height="315"
src="https://video.igem.org/videos/embed/52424a62-745a-454b-bff6-d61a13a5f967"
frameBorder="0"
sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms">
</iframe>
<p>An air-liquid interface culture of human nasal epithelial cells, which have undergone differentiation into ciliated epithelium, may be employed as an example. The formation of ciliated epithelium is evident from the 'flickering'. This phenomenon involves the rhythmic movement of numerous cilia. Additionally, the uniform direction and tempo of cell debris movement, in contrast to the random movement observed in the absence of ciliated epithelium, provides further evidence of its presence.</p>
</div>
<div className="col" style={{ flex: "1" }}>
<iframe
title="Bielefeld-CeBiTec: Apical-out airway organoids (AOAO) culture D19 (2024)"
width="100%"
height="315"
src="https://video.igem.org/videos/embed/e70674d7-9f18-4ab5-b0ec-16a7801d01cd"
frameBorder="0"
sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms">
</iframe>
<p>Apical-Out Airway Organoid (AOAO) culture D19: Visible apical-out airway organoids in action. These 3D structures, which mimic the airway epithelium, allow detailed study of cellular processes such as mucociliary transport and secretory activities, in which cilia and vesicles play a key role.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Hands-on experience:</strong> Gained practical insights from Michaela Bienert and Julie Watson into the cultivation methods for Air-Liquid Interface (ALI) and apical-out organoids.</p>
<p><strong>Evaluation of culturing techniques:</strong> Assessed the advantages and limitations of different cultivation techniques, allowing us to make informed decisions about which methods to use in our research.</p>
<p><strong>Successful generation of cultures:</strong> Using the protocols and resources provided, we successfully generated ALI cultures and organoids from primary cells of CF patients and healthy control donors.</p>
<p><strong>Testing and experimentation:</strong> These cultures and organoids were tested throughout the project, contributing significantly to our research outcomes.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseBerens(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Eva-Maria Berens – Head of ethics committee at University of Bielefeld" id="berensanalyseC">
<p>In our pursuit of generating primary cultures from human nasal epithelial cells for testing, we sought advice from the Biosafety and Security Committee of iGEM, as well as consult with Dr. Eva-Maria Berens, our ethics officer. Through in-depth discussions with Dr. Berens, we carefully assessed the risks and legal obligations associated with our project. We learned that, given the minimal invasiveness of the procedure, no formal bioethics application was necessary. However, we recognized the importance of developing a legally sound informed consent form for participants, ensuring that we adhered to the relevant legal frameworks. </p>
<p>In collaboration with various legal institutions, we drafted a comprehensive informed consent form that complies with both national regulations in Germany and the specific policies of Bielefeld University. As the first iGEM team to tackle the complex cultivation of human primary nasal epithelial cells, we were committed to paving the way for future teams. To support this, we created a guideline documenting the proper handling of human biomaterial obtained through these types of sample collection. </p>
<p>Additionally, we worked with Mr. <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('timm', '/human-practices')}> Timm Weber </a> , who is working for the local biobank OWL, to establish protocols for the management and storage of sensitive, personally identifiable data. While no special procedures were required for our specific project, we nonetheless made it a priority to implement anonymized methods to protect participant privacy. </p>
<p>The input and feedback from Dr. Berens and Mr. Weber formed the basis of our ethical consideration of our project. With their help, we were able to improve our technology on primary cultures with a higher level of safety and an adapted guidline. In addition, our biosafety contributions were significantly improved as we were able to ensure compliance with all legal and ethical standards.. </p>
<p>Having established the necessary ethical and legal groundwork, we turned our focus to the practical aspects of handling and cultivating patient samples. This required specialized expertise, which led us to seek assistance from <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('michaela', '/human-practices')}>Stemcell Technologies</a> ensure the successful cultivation and maintenance of the nasal epithelial cells. Their support was essential in enabling us to push forward with our testing and bring our project closer to real-world applications. </p>
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/interview-berens.webp" style={{height:"90%", width:"auto"}} />
</figure>
</div>
<div className="col">
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/deckblatt-safety-guideline.webp" style={{height:"90%", width:"auto"}}/>
</figure>
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<div className="col">
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/bench-pipettieren.webp" alt=""/>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p><strong>Ethical consultation:</strong> Consulted with Dr. Eva-Maria Berens, our ethics officer, to assess the risks and legal obligations of generating primary cultures from human nasal epithelial cells. It was determined that no formal bioethics application was required due to the minimal invasiveness of the procedure.</p>
<p><strong>Informed consent:</strong> Collaborated with legal institutions to draft a comprehensive informed consent form that complies with German national regulations and Bielefeld University policies.</p>
<p><strong>Guideline creation for future teams:</strong> As the first iGEM team to work with human primary nasal epithelial cells, we developed a guideline for handling human biomaterial to aid future teams in similar projects.</p>
<p><strong>Data privacy protocols:</strong> Worked with Ms. Gabriele Anton to establish protocols for managing and storing sensitive personal data, prioritizing anonymization to protect participant privacy.</p>
<p><strong>Ethical and legal foundation:</strong> Input from Dr. Berens and Ms. Anton was crucial in building the ethical and legal foundation of our project, ensuring compliance with all standards and enabling us to proceed with official approval.</p>
<p><strong>Practical expertise:</strong> After securing the ethical and legal framework, we sought assistance from Stemcell Technologies for practical guidance in handling and cultivating patient samples, which was essential for advancing our testing and pushing the project toward real-world applications.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseWeber(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Prof. Dr. Weber and Dr. Große-Onnebrink " id="weberanalyseC">
<p>Prof. Weber and Dr. Große-Onnebrink emphasized the potential of targeting ionocytes due to their crucial role in CFTR expression while highlighting the challenges of accessing these cells and penetrating the mucus barrier. Additionally, they suggested using an Ussing chamber to assess CFTR function, although they noted its limitations, and recommended exploring chitosan-based nanoparticles as a safer alternative to PEG-lipid systems. </p>
<p>In response to their insights, we continued to explore ionocytes but expanded our focus to include other cell types to enhance testing flexibility. We further investigated chitosan-based nanoparticles and optimized their size for better lung penetration. We plan to utilize the Ussing chamber for CFTR measurements and are also considering patch clamping for detailed transfection analysis. </p>
<p>Prof. Weber highlighted the innovative aspects of our project, particularly regarding cell culture methods. He advised us to consider the ethical and legal implications, which led us to consult with the head of the ethics committee at the University of Bielefeld, <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('berens', '/human-practices')}>Dr. Eva-Maria Berens</a>. Due to legal concerns, the committee is unable to support our project directly, as they have an interest in developing their own Chitosan LNPs, which conflicts with the open-source nature of the iGEM competition. Nevertheless, they provided us with valuable information up to that point, guiding our understanding and approach to the project. </p>
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/pr-sentation-ukm.webp" alt="" />
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/orientierung.webp" alt=""/>
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<p><strong>Targeting ionocytes:</strong> Emphasized the potential of targeting ionocytes due to their critical role in CFTR expression, while also highlighting the challenges of accessing these cells and penetrating the mucus barrier in CF patients.</p>
<p><strong>Ussing chamber recommendation:</strong> Suggested using the Ussing chamber to assess CFTR function, noting its limitations, and recommended exploring patch clamping for more detailed transfection analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Chitosan-based nanoparticles:</strong> Encouraged investigating chitosan-based nanoparticles as a safer alternative to PEG-lipid systems, which led us to optimize chitosan nanoparticle size for better lung penetration.</p>
<p><strong>Expanded cell targeting:</strong> Based on their insights, we expanded our focus beyond ionocytes to include other cell types to increase flexibility in testing.</p>
<p><strong>Ethical and legal guidance:</strong> Prof. Weber advised us to consider ethical and legal concerns, leading to consultations with Dr. Berens, head of the ethics committee at the University of Bielefeld. Legal concerns around conflicting interests (the university's own chitosan LNP developments) limited direct support, but the committee provided valuable guidance.</p>
<p><strong>Innovative cell culture methods:</strong> Prof. Weber praised the innovative aspects of our project, particularly our approach to cell culture, further validating our project’s scientific direction.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseMoor(){
return(
<Collapsible title="Benjamin Willem Moorlach – Chitosan Expert " id="moorlachanalyseC">
<p>We gained valuable insights into the unique properties of chitosan, a cationic polymer with significant potential to stabilize RNA in our lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations. Chitosan offers robust protection against RNases and exhibits heat stability, making it suitable for processing methods like spray drying. Additionally, its mucoadhesive properties enable optimal choice as LNP component. </p>
<p>A critical insight was the necessity for chitosan to be in an acidic environment (pH 4-6) to maintain its positive charge, which is essential for effective RNA interaction. While it cannot replace PEG due to its hydrophilic nature, chitosan is ideal for forming RNA-chitosan complexes, which can then be encapsulated within LNPs. This approach significantly enhances RNA stability during spray drying, a method we intend to further test in collaboration with <a href="https://rnhale.com/">Rnhale</a>. </p>
<p> In terms of implementation, Benjamin educated us on the chemical and structural properties of chitosan, reinforcing our approach to improve stability, particularly against heat, in our LNP formulations. He provided guidance on formulating chitosan-RNA complexes and developed a protocol for integrating them into our LNP formulation without affecting the charge of the nanoparticles. Additionally, he supplied us with chitosan in various sizes, enabling us to test different chitosan complexes for optimal results. </p>
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/chitosan.webp" alt="" />
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<p><strong>Chitosan properties:</strong> Provided valuable insights into chitosan, a cationic polymer with strong potential to stabilize RNA in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations due to its robust protection against RNases and heat stability.</p>
<p><strong>Mucoadhesive properties:</strong> Highlighted chitosan's mucoadhesive characteristics, making it an ideal component for LNPs in terms of RNA delivery.</p>
<p><strong>Acidic environment requirement:</strong> Emphasized the need for chitosan to maintain a positive charge in an acidic environment (pH 4-6) for effective RNA interaction.</p>
<p><strong>Chitosan vs. PEG:</strong> While chitosan cannot replace PEG due to its hydrophilic nature, it is optimal for forming RNA-chitosan complexes, which can be encapsulated within LNPs.</p>
<p><strong>RNA stability in spray drying:</strong> Chitosan's use in RNA-chitosan complexes significantly enhances RNA stability during spray drying, a method we will continue to test with RNhale.</p>
<p><strong>Implementation guidance:</strong> Benjamin provided chemical and structural knowledge of chitosan, guiding us on how to improve LNP stability, especially against heat, and formulating chitosan-RNA complexes. He also supplied various sizes of chitosan, allowing us to test for optimal results in our formulations.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseKolonko(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Katharina Kolonko – Nanoparticle Researcher " id="kolonkoanalyseC">
<p>Dr. Kolonko's expertise in nanoparticle stability was invaluable in refining our delivery system. Her recommendation to utilize chitosan for greater stability influenced our formulation choice and we further investigated how to integrate <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab('moorlach', '/human practices')}> chitosan in our LNP </a>. Additionally, her insights on cytotoxicity testing, particularly the MTT assay, and medium conditions such as using OptiMEM for transfection, greatly improved our experimental design. We explored the potential and importance of chitosan in lipid nanoparticles, learned various techniques for characterizing LNPs, and implemented effective cultivation techniques and tips for cell culture, with a focus on contamination risks and the use of OptiMEM medium. Overall, Dr. Kolonko’s guidance has been instrumental in shaping the safety and efficacy of our project. </p>
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/fanzor/sort-mtt.webp " alt="" />
<figcaption>Figure. MTT Assay of LNPs from all iterations performed on HEK293 including Triton as negative control and untreated cells as positive control. Mean +/- SEM for n=6. For statistics one-way ANOVA was performed</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/optimem-1.webp" style={{height:"55%", width:"auto"}} alt=""/>
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</div>
<p><strong>Expertise in nanoparticle stability:</strong> Provided invaluable insights that significantly refined our delivery system.</p>
<p><strong>Chitosan recommendation:</strong> Suggested the use of chitosan for increased stability in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), influencing our formulation choice and leading to further investigations into integrating chitosan in our LNP system.</p>
<p><strong>Cytotoxicity testing improvements:</strong> Her guidance on cytotoxicity testing, particularly the MTT assay, greatly enhanced the reliability of our experiments.</p>
<p><strong>Optimized transfection conditions:</strong> Introduced us to the use of OptiMEM for transfection, improving our medium conditions and experimental design.</p>
<p><strong>Characterization and cultivation techniques:</strong> Helped us explore techniques for characterizing LNPs and implementing effective cultivation methods, focusing on contamination risks and optimal cell culture practices.</p>
<p><strong>Overall impact:</strong> Dr. Kolonko's contributions were instrumental in shaping the safety and efficacy of our project, improving both the stability of the formulation and the quality of our experimental processes.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseRnhale(){
const {goToPageAndScroll} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Dr. Benjamin Winkeljann – RNhale, Industry Expert & Researcher " id="rnhaleanalyseC">
<p>Dr. Benjamin Winkeljann from <a href="https://rnhale.com/" >Rnhale</a> provided crucial technical guidance that significantly enhanced our project. His expertise in spray-dried lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) allowed us to improve the shelf-life and scalability of our formulations. We learned about the limitations of CF therapies regarding international access, cost, and availability, which highlighted the need for sustainable solutions. </p>
<p>We discovered that spray drying is an effective method for stabilizing LNPs, enabling transport without refrigeration — a more environmentally friendly approach that reduces energy consumption. </p>
<p>Our close collaboration with RNhale will continue even after the wiki freeze, focusing on producing spray-dried LNPs and testing them on our primary cultures. We are also investigating how to enhance the stability of LNPs, particularly in protecting RNA from heat damage, and are seeking experts in chitosan for further support. </p>
<p>During discussions with a young startup entrepreneur, we explored the possibility of pursuing an <a onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll ('Further Engagement3H', '/human-practices')}> entrepeneuship-oriented </a> project but ultimately decided to focus on a human-centered approach that prioritizes the needs of CF patients over cost-driven industrial pathways. </p>
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/hp-rnhale-zoom.png" alt=""/>
</div>
</div>
<figcaption>Figure. Delivery Team Zoom call with RNhale </figcaption>
</figure>
<p><strong>Expertise in spray-dried LNPs:</strong> Provided critical technical guidance, enhancing the shelf-life and scalability of our formulations.</p>
<p><strong>Sustainable solutions:</strong> Highlighted the limitations of CF therapies regarding international access, cost, and availability, emphasizing the need for sustainable alternatives.</p>
<p><strong>Spray drying benefits:</strong> Introduced us to spray drying as an effective method for stabilizing LNPs, enabling transport without refrigeration and reducing energy consumption—an environmentally friendly solution.</p>
<p><strong>Ongoing collaboration:</strong> Continued collaboration with RNhale, focusing on producing and testing spray-dried LNPs on primary cultures, while investigating ways to improve RNA stability and protection from heat damage.</p>
<p><strong>Exploration of entrepreneurship:</strong> Discussed the potential for an entrepreneurship-oriented project, but ultimately prioritized a human-centered approach that focuses on the needs of CF patients over industrial cost-driven strategies.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseJoshua(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
const {goToPageAndScroll} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Joshua – Vice president of CF Vest international, Father of a CF child" id="joshuaanalyseC">
<p>Through discussions with <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab ('joshua', '/human-practices')}> Joshua </a>, we learned that CF statistics are inadequate, primarily representing the white population, which skews understanding of the disease's prevalence. We discovered that in Asian countries like Thailand, CF is underrepresented, leading to insufficient access to therapies and medications. </p>
<p>This awareness sharpened our focus on the need for improved science communication and highlighted the ongoing issues of racism and discrimination within scientific research. In response, we are committed to enhancing the data landscape in Germany by creating <a onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll ('our-surveys-on--Cystic Fibrosis-and-gene-therapy', '/human-practices')}> surveys </a> in both German and English to gather broader insights and increase outreach. </p>
<figure>
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/joshua-zoom.webp" alt=""/>
</figure>
<p><strong>Inadequate CF statistics:</strong> Highlighted that current CF data mainly represents the white population, skewing understanding of the disease’s true prevalence.</p>
<p><strong>Underrepresentation in Asia:</strong> Revealed that CF is underreported in Asian countries like Thailand, leading to limited access to therapies and medications.</p>
<p><strong>Focus on science communication:</strong> This awareness shifted our focus to the importance of improving science communication to address these disparities.</p>
<p><strong>Racism and discrimination in research:</strong> Brought attention to the ongoing issues of racial bias and discrimination within scientific research, prompting us to take action.</p>
<p><strong>Commitment to improve data landscape:</strong> In response, we are developing bilingual (German and English) surveys to gather more inclusive data and expand our outreach efforts, ensuring a broader understanding of CF prevalence and care needs.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseWesthoff(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Katrin Westhoff – Physiotherapist at local community " id="westhoffanalyseC">
<p><a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab ('westhoffinv', '/human-practices')}> Kathrin Westhoff expertise </a> in CF physiotherapy reinforced our approach to develop an inhalation-based therapy, especially for young patients. Her experience with children highlighted the need for a simple, accessible treatment, as younger patients may struggle with responsibility and consistency in therapy. This validated our decision to focus on inhalation delivery for ease of use. </p>
<p>Additionally, we recognized through her insights that gene therapy, while impactful, is not a complete solution. Physiotherapy remains crucial in CF care, and our approach now integrates this understanding into a more holistic treatment plan. </p>
<div><img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/besuch-westhoff/untitled-design.png" style={{height:"50%", width:"50%"}}/></div>
<p><strong>Expertise in CF physiotherapy:</strong> Reinforced the importance of developing an inhalation-based therapy, especially for young CF patients.</p>
<p><strong>Focus on accessibility:</strong> Her experience with children highlighted the need for a simple, easy-to-use treatment, validating our decision to focus on inhalation delivery.</p>
<p><strong>Therapy adherence:</strong> Addressed the challenges younger patients face with responsibility and consistency in therapy, influencing our design for a more accessible solution.</p>
<p><strong>Gene therapy limitations:</strong> Her insights helped us realize that while gene therapy is impactful, it alone is not enough.</p>
<p><strong>Holistic approach:</strong> Integrated physiotherapy into our treatment plan, ensuring a more comprehensive and patient-centered approach to CF care.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AalyseOlariu(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Prof. Dr. Olariu – Physician and Clinical CF Expert " id="olariuanalyseC">
<p>Prof. Olariou's clinical insights shaped our project by emphasizing the complexities of CF treatment and the emotional burden on patients and families. His focus on early diagnosis, infection risks, and psychosocial impacts led us to design a solution that reduces the long-term care burden</p>
<p>Following his advice, we consulted <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab ('psychol', '/human-practices')}> psychologists </a> to integrate mental health considerations and tailored our therapy to address different disease severities. Prof. Olariu also highlighted racial and global disparities in CF care, prompting us to explore these issues through further research and interviews. </p>
<p> </p>
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/on-our-way-to-interview-psychologists.webp" alt=""/>
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<iframe title="Bielefeld-CeBiTec: Interview with Dr. Cristian-Gabriel Olariu (2024) [German]" height="310px" width="500px" src="https://video.igem.org/videos/embed/0ea76b9c-9a0e-4f58-8230-31ab6b0e08d9" sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms"></iframe>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<p>His guidance on balancing treatment effectiveness with cost and overmedication concerns ensured our project remained patient-centered and practical. We also expanded our outreach efforts, raising CF awareness and collecting public data to align our project with community needs. </p>
<p><strong>Complexities of CF treatment:</strong> Emphasized the multifaceted nature of CF care, including the emotional burden on patients and families.</p>
<p><strong>Early diagnosis & infection risks:</strong> Focused on the importance of early detection and managing infection risks, which shaped our solution to reduce the long-term care burden.</p>
<p><strong>Mental health integration:</strong> Recommended consulting psychologists, leading us to incorporate mental health considerations in our therapy and design it to address varying disease severities.</p>
<p><strong>Racial and global disparities:</strong> Highlighted inequities in CF care across different populations, prompting us to explore these issues through further research and interviews.</p>
<p><strong>Balance between effectiveness, cost, and overmedication:</strong> Guided us in creating a treatment that balances efficacy with practical considerations like cost and avoiding overmedication.</p>
<p><strong>Patient-centered focus:</strong> His feedback ensured that our project remained grounded in real-world patient needs, making it both practical and accessible.</p>
<p><strong>Expanded outreach efforts:</strong> Encouraged us to raise awareness and collect public data, helping align our project with the broader CF community’s needs.</p>
</Collapsible>
)
}
function AnalyseMax(){
const {goToPagesAndOpenTab} = useNavigation();
return(
<Collapsible title="Max Beckmann – CF Patient and fellow student" id="maxanalyseC">
<p>Max's input as a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patient directly influenced several key aspects of our project. After learning about the daily challenges of living with CF, we adapted our gene therapy approach to target the lungs, aligning our treatment with patient needs. His insights on the shortcomings of existing therapies strengthened our focus on developing a more effective solution.</p>
<p>Following Max's feedback, we implemented changes to our <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab ('Patient MattersH', '/contribution')}> hygiene plan</a>, ensuring it meets the needs of immunocompromised individuals which we later presented to <a onClick={() => goToPagesAndOpenTab ('johannfunke', '/human-practices')}> Mr. Johannfunke</a>, contact person for students with disabilities and impairments at the university of bielefeld, and checked its feasibility. Max’s perspective also shaped the content of our outreach materials, helping us portray CF in a more realistic and respectful way during the whole project. </p>
<p>Additionally, Max contributed to the project by donating cells for our experiments, which allowed us to test our model systems effectively. Our ongoing communication with him has ensured that we stay patient-focused throughout, continually refining our approach based on his experiences. </p>
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<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/integrated-human-practices/max-zellspende.webp" alt="Cell Donation"/>
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<iframe title="Bielefeld-CeBiTec: Interview with Max Beckmann (2024) [English]" width="560" height="315" src="https://video.igem.org/videos/embed/16501867-a687-4205-949a-51ead876e109" frameBorder="0" allowFullScreen={true} sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms"></iframe>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p><strong>Invaluable first-hand insights:</strong> Provided direct experience of living with CF, shaping our project.</p>
<p><strong>Hygiene and medical needs:</strong> Highlighted the importance of constant hygiene, frequent medical checkups, and the variability in CF symptoms.</p>
<p><strong>Need for flexible solutions:</strong> Stressed the need for patient-centered, adaptable therapies.</p>
<p><strong>Gene therapy focus:</strong> Supported our focus on gene therapy targeting the lungs due to current treatment inadequacies.</p>
<p><strong>Outreach influence:</strong> Continually provided feedback on how CF is portrayed in outreach materials, influencing our hygiene plan and presentation video.</p>
<p><strong>Deepened emotional understanding:</strong> Helped us develop emotional intelligence regarding the burdens CF patients face, enhancing our science communication efforts.</p>
<p><strong>Therapy alignment:</strong> Guided us in focusing our therapy on specific CF mutations, ensuring a human-centered approach.</p>
<p><strong>Community access:</strong> Provided access to various CF communities, influencing the direction of our project.</p>
<p><strong>Cell donation:</strong> Donated cells for crucial model experiments; we successfully cultured these cells for testing.</p>
<p><strong>Ongoing collaboration:</strong> Regular feedback, including on aspects like hygiene protocols, ensuring the project remains grounded in real-world patient needs.</p>
</div>
</Collapsible>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Human Practices/Feedback.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import * as Graph from '../../components/Graph';
import { H4, H5 } from '../../components/Headings';
import { Collapsible } from "../../components/Collapsible";
import PreCyse from '../../components/precyse';
import { HPconTabs } from './Conclisuin';
import { useNavigation } from '../../utils';
import { useTabNavigation } from '../../utils/TabNavigation';
export function HPFeedback(){
const {goToPageWithTabAndScroll} = useNavigation();
useTabNavigation();
return(
<div>
<p>Through our project, the insights and feedback from various stakeholders and experts played a crucial role in shaping and refining our approach. We actively integrated their input into the design, execution, and public engagement aspects of our work, ensuring a human-centered, scientifically sound solution. Below, we highlight key contributors and how their feedback impacted the project's development across multiple phases. </p>
<H4 text="Our surveys on Cystic Fibrosis and gene therapy"></H4>
<p>From our outreach efforts, we learned that many people lack knowledge about Cystic Fibrosis and desire more education on the subject. The same applies to gene therapy, with most individuals expressing openness to treatment options, which reinforces our commitment to pursuing this approach. </p>
<p>However, we recognize the importance of handling the public's trust and lack of knowledge responsibly. We aim to educate the community about safety and ethical considerations surrounding gene therapy. </p>
<p>In response, we have decided to implement feedback by creating informative materials such as flyers and utilizing platforms like <a onClick={() => goToPageWithTabAndScroll({tabId: 'mukomove', scrollToId: "cf-month" , path: '/human-practices'})}>mukoMOVE</a>, <a onClick={() => goToPageWithTabAndScroll({tabId: 'teutoruft', scrollToId: "teuroruft-heading" , path: '/human-practices'})}>”Teuto ruft!”</a>, <a onClick={() => goToPageWithTabAndScroll({tabId: 'akademie', scrollToId: "student-academy-heading" , path: '/human-practices'})}>SchülerInnenakademie</a>, and <a href='https://www.instagram.com/igem.bielefeld/?hl=de'>social media</a> to raise awareness and provide education. </p>
<p><strong>Lack of knowledge about CF:</strong> Many people are unfamiliar with Cystic Fibrosis and expressed a need for more education on the subject.</p>
<p><strong>Gene therapy openness:</strong> Most individuals showed openness to gene therapy treatments, reinforcing our commitment to pursuing this therapeutic approach.</p>
<p><strong>Building public trust:</strong> Recognized the importance of handling the public's trust and addressing the knowledge gap about gene therapy in a responsible and transparent manner.</p>
<p><strong>Education and ethical considerations:</strong> Committed to educating the public on safety and ethical aspects of gene therapy to foster understanding and trust.</p>
<p><strong>Implementation of feedback:</strong> Created informative materials (flyers) and expanded outreach through platforms like Muko Move, Teuto ruft, SchülerInnenakademie, and social media to increase awareness and provide education.</p>
<div>
<Collapsible id="collapsible1" open={false} title="Full results of our surveys">
<p> We are proud of our surveys on gene therapy and Cystic Fibrosis (CF), which explore knowledge about the disease and willingness to embrace gene
therapy as a potential treatment. Since we wanted to differentiate between the general public and affected CF patients, we created two different
surveys. 187 people partipipated in the survey for the general public and 185 people participated in the survey for patients and next of kin.</p>
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<div className='row graphs' >
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<Graph.HowOftenTreatmentatients/>
</div>
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<Graph.OpenToGeneTherapyatients/>
</div>
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<Graph.MoreInfoOnTherapyBoth/>
</div>
</div>
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<p>The majority of respondents (62.70%) indicated that they or their relative require medical treatment or therapy daily. Weekly treatment was necessary for 14.59%, while 9.73% needed therapy several times per week. Only 6.49% reported needing treatment either monthly or rarely. The high frequency of daily treatments highlights the heavy burden of managing Cystic Fibrosis and reinforces the potential appeal of gene therapy, which could reduce the need for constant medical intervention. </p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>A significant majority, 78.72%, indicated that they would be open to gene therapy if it significantly improved symptoms, while only 1.42% said no. This overwhelming support aligns with the hope patients have for less invasive and more effective treatments. This also reflects the possibility of gene therapy becoming a central treatment method, especially given the heavy therapeutic load CF patients already carry.</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>A vast majority, 93.48%, expressed interest in more information about gene therapy. This mirrors the general public’s desire for further education and suggests that while there is strong support for gene therapy, people still feel they lack sufficient knowledge to make fully informed decisions. Patients especially emphasized the importance of safety and long-term efficacy, areas that should be focal points in future communications. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<H5 text="Concluding thoughts "></H5>
<p>The surveys with both the general public and CF patients show promising openness towards gene therapy, though concerns about safety and long-term effects remain. Emotional stress was highlighted as a greater burden than physical symptoms, reinforcing the appeal of gene therapy to reduce both physical and emotional challenges. Most patients require daily or frequent therapies like medication, physiotherapy, and inhalation, making a less frequent or even one-time gene therapy, as proposed in our research, highly attractive. Participants added comments such as <strong>“The dream of healing still exists!”</strong>, encouraging us in our research.</p>
<p>Both groups are ready for gene therapy, with patients showing fewer "no concerns," likely due to their familiarity with risks and off-target effects. This underscores the importance of our focus on safety and precision to minimize risks. Our research is designed to address these concerns through targeted approaches – <strong>we are <PreCyse/>!</strong></p>
<p>Additionally, there’s a clear demand for more information, especially via platforms like TV, social media, and the internet. Targeted educational campaigns through these channels will be crucial to increase awareness and understanding, helping to build on the existing optimism and foster greater acceptance of gene therapy, like we do in our various public outreach efforts for science communication.</p>
</div>
<H5 text="Detailed Analysis"></H5>
<details>
<summary>Click to see</summary>
<DetailedAnalysis/>
</details>
</Collapsible>
</div>
<H4 text="Stakeholder Analyses"></H4>
<HPconTabs/>
</div>
)
}
function DetailedAnalysis(){
return(
<>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhoAffectedatients/>
</div>
<div className='col-4'>
<Graph.HowDidYouLearnPublic/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.HeardOfCFPublic/>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className="col">
<p>56.76% of respondents reported that they are related to someone with CF, while 43.24% stated they are affected by CF themselves. This likely reflects the fact that many parents completed the survey on behalf of their children, as CF is typically diagnosed at a young age. The high involvement of parents underscores how the disease impacts not just the patients themselves but also their families, who are deeply involved in the day-to-day management of CF. This highlights the importance of considering both the perspectives of young patients and their families when discussing gene therapy and CF treatments, as parents often play a critical role in decision-making regarding new treatment options.</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>82.89% of respondents have heard of Cystic Fibrosis, while 17.11% had not. The high level of awareness about CF suggests that the general public is relatively informed about the condition, possibly due to the visibility of the disease through media, health campaigns, or personal connections to affected individuals. However, the 17% unfamiliar with CF indicates that further outreach is necessary, particularly focusing on this demographic to spread knowledge about the disease and potential treatments, including gene therapy. </p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>The majority of respondents (44.17%) learned about CF through media channels, such as television, news, or the internet. Other significant sources of information include family and friends (25.15%), as well as educational institutions (20.86%). Interestingly, only 3.68% of respondents learned about CF from healthcare providers, suggesting that the disease is more commonly understood through external sources rather than direct medical education. This reliance on media and personal connections highlights the importance of accurate and accessible information in the public domain, especially when considering the introduction of gene therapy as a treatment option. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.AgeDiagnosisatients/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.HowMuchDoesItAffectYouatients/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhichSymptomsatients/>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className="col">
<p>26.23% of respondents indicated that CF was diagnosed either through newborn screening or between the ages of 1 and 10. Another 21.86% reported diagnosis a few months after birth, and 18.03% were diagnosed about one week after birth. This highlights the early detection of CF, often requiring lifelong management, which can be emotionally challenging for families. Early diagnosis increases the appeal of treatments like gene therapy, which could offer long-term benefits with fewer interventions.</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>42.16% of respondents rated the impact of Cystic Fibrosis on daily life as a 3 out of 5, indicating a moderate effect. Additionally, 32.97% rated the impact as a 2, while 12.43% rated it as a 4. Only 4.32% of respondents felt that CF had a very strong impact (rating it a 5), and 8.11% rated it a 1, suggesting little to no daily effect. These results indicate that for many patients and families, CF has a notable but varied impact on daily life, reinforcing the importance of treatments like gene therapy that could alleviate the burden. </p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>This chart shows that 23.19% of respondents identified abdominal pain as the most frequent symptom, followed by chronic cough (18.95%) and frequent lung infections (13.72%). Interestingly, symptoms like muscle weakness (2%) and delayed growth (6.23%) were less commonly reported. The emphasis on chronic respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms aligns with CF being a metabolic disease affecting the whole body like experts such as Dr. Olariu explained to us, reinforcing the need for comprehensive treatments like gene therapy that target multiple aspects of the disease at the cellular level.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhichTherapyDoYouUseatients/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.MostStressfulForRelativeatients/>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className="col">
<p>The most common therapies used by respondents included medication (29.20%), physiotherapy (26.32%), and inhalation therapy (26.63%). These treatments are prominently represented in CF care, but they also reflect a burdensome regimen that requires constant management. The frequency with which patients must undergo these treatments may increase their interest in gene therapy, which could offer a less demanding option with potentially longer-lasting results</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>The survey reveals that 36.79% of respondents identified emotional stress as the most stressful aspect of Cystic Fibrosis, closely followed by physical symptoms at 32.78%. Social restrictions were noted by 17.73% of respondents, and financial burden was a concern for 11.37%. Only 1.34% cited other factors. These results show that emotional and physical challenges dominate the stressors for patients and families, highlighting the need for treatments like gene therapy that could reduce both the physical and emotional burdens of managing CF. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.HeadrofGeneTherapyPatients/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.HeadOfGeneTherapyPublic/>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className="col">
<p>Among this group, 76.76% of respondents had heard of gene therapy, which is a higher awareness rate than seen in the general public survey. However, 23.24% remain unfamiliar with it, pointing to a need for further education. The higher familiarity here could be attributed to the fact that patients and their families are more engaged with medical advancements due to the severe nature of CF. </p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>When asked about gene therapy, 67.58% of respondents indicated familiarity with the concept, while 32.42% had not heard of it. This demonstrates a moderate level of awareness, but it is clear that a third of the population remains unaware of gene therapy. This gap in knowledge represents a significant opportunity for educational efforts, as the lack of familiarity could impact the acceptance and support for gene therapy as a viable treatment option for CF. The comments suggest that many see gene therapy as an emerging field, but there is some confusion regarding its practical applications.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.HowWellInformedAboutCFPublic/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhatMeasuresPublic/>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className="col">
<p>In terms of knowledge about CF, 58.60% of respondents stated that they are somewhat well informed, and only 21.66% felt extremely well informed (see diagram 2). A smaller portion, 13.38%, indicated that they are not very informed, and 6.37% admitted to being not informed at all. This suggests that while CF is recognized by a large portion of the public, deeper knowledge about the disease is lacking. That is why we are doing science communication at our various public outreach events! </p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>Respondents were asked what actions could be taken to improve CF awareness (see diagram 4). The most popular option, chosen by 22.87%, was publicity campaigns on TV, radio, and other mass media outlets. Information events at schools and universities followed at 13.20%, along with documentary films and short movies about life with CF (14.01%). These findings suggest that the public sees media as the most effective way to spread awareness, a strategy that could also be employed to educate about gene therapy. The public appears to favor visual and accessible formats, which could be used to highlight the benefits of new treatments like gene therapy. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.BasicPositionatients/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhatCocernsAboutGeneTherapyatients/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhatCocernsAboutGeneTherapyPublic/>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className="col">
<p>The survey reveals that 35.00% of respondents had a very positive view of gene therapy, and 30.00% rated it a 4 out of 5 (see diagram 20). Only 5.71% rated it a 2 or lower. The overall positivity suggests that many patients and families are hopeful about the potential of gene therapy, perhaps because of their familiarity with the limitations of current treatments. This optimism could be leveraged to support future clinical trials or educational initiatives.</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>Concerns about gene therapy primarily revolved around safety and side effects and long-term effects (both 59.46%) (see diagram 22). Cost and accessibility also remain important issues for 32.43% of respondents. Only 0.54% expressed no concerns, showing that while there is optimism, there are significant fears to address. These concerns were similarly expressed in the general public survey but are more pronounced among patients, likely due to their firsthand experience with long-term treatments.</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>The most common concern, shared by 28.77% of respondents, was related to the safety and side effects of gene therapy, followed by long-term effects (27.85%) and costs or accessibility (24.20%) (see diagram 9). Ethical questions were raised by 14.61% of participants, while only 4.57% had no concerns at all. These concerns echo comments made in other parts of the survey, where respondents expressed interest in learning more about the safety protocols and regulatory measures surrounding gene therapy. Clearly, addressing these concerns in future public engagements will be critical to fostering wider acceptance. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className='row'>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhatCouldGeneTherapyMeanForMedicinePublic/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WouldYouDoGeneTherapyPublic/>
</div>
<div className='col'>
<Graph.WhatFormMoreInfoPublic/>
</div>
</div>
<div className='row'>
<div className="col">
<p>Nearly half (49.59%) of respondents believe that gene therapy represents a major advance in the treatment of diseases, while 47.97% acknowledged that gene therapy offers some progress but also carries risks (see diagram 7). Less than 2% of respondents expressed concern that gene therapy could bring more risks than benefits. This overall positive outlook on gene therapy is encouraging, but it also underscores the need to address concerns about safety and long-term effects, which were often mentioned in the comments. The optimism shown here can be a strong foundation for promoting gene therapy, especially with appropriate education on mitigating risks.</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>A strong majority, 85.22% of respondents, indicated that they would consider opting for gene therapy, with only 1.74% saying they would not, and 13.04% responding with "maybe." (see diagram 8). This result demonstrates considerable openness to gene therapy among the public, though the minority expressing hesitation suggests there are lingering doubts. Comments frequently mentioned concerns over safety and long-term effects, suggesting that these issues need to be addressed to convert "maybe" responses into more confident support for gene therapy.</p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<p>When asked how they would prefer to receive more information, 22.62% of respondents selected TV documentaries and programs as their preferred medium, while 16.63% expressed interest in websites and online resources (see diagram 11). This preference for visual and online formats aligns with the public’s general reliance on media for learning about CF and other medical topics. Social media and online communities (15.96%) also ranked highly, indicating that digital platforms are an effective way to reach a broad audience. These findings can guide future efforts to create engaging and informative content about CF and gene therapy.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div></>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Human Practices/Further Engagement/Collaborations.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { H5, H4 } from "../../../components/Headings";
import { PDF } from "../../../components/Pdfs";
import { useTabNavigation } from "../../../utils/TabNavigation";
import { ButtonOneWithScroll } from "../../../components/Buttons";
export function HPCollabs(){
useTabNavigation();
return(
<div className="col">
<div className="row align-items-center" >
<div className="col ">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="coll-cycletab" text="Overview" open="coll-overview" scrollId="coll-heading"/>
</div>
<div className="col ">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="coll-cycletab" text="Collabs in 2024" open="colls2024" scrollId="colls2024-heading"/>
</div>
<div className="col ">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="coll-cycletab" text="LNP Handbook" open="Handbook" scrollId="Handbook-heading"/>
</div>
</div>
<div id="coll-overview" className="coll-cycletab" style={{display: "block"}}>
<H4 id="coll-heading" text="Collaborations as part of a integrated human practice - but why?"/>
<p>Collaboration is at the heart of innovative science, especially in projects with significant societal and clinical implications such as ours. By actively engaging with stakeholders across disciplines, we ensured that our work addressed real-world needs and took ethical and practical considerations into account.</p>
<p>For example, partnerships with patients and advocacy groups provided a deeper understanding of living with CF and shaped our patient-centered approach. Discussions with medical professionals highlighted the clinical challenges and regulatory requirements we needed to address. Collaborating with other iGEM teams allowed us to share methodologies, refine protocols, and integrate diverse expertise into our project.</p>
<p>These interactions didn't just guide the scientific direction of our work - they emphasised the wider impact of synthetic biology. By combining our technical efforts with stakeholder input, we ensured that our solutions were not only innovative, but also feasible, ethical and impactful. Collaboration thus became the foundation of a truly integrated human practice, bridging the gap between science, society and application.</p>
<H4 id="coll-our-heading" text="Our Collaborations"/>
<p>Collaboration was key to the success of our project. By engaging with patients, advocacy groups, medical professionals, and other iGEM teams, we gained valuable insights into the clinical, ethical, and practical challenges of addressing Cystic Fibrosis. These partnerships shaped our patient-centered approach, refined our methodologies, and ensured our solutions are impactful and feasible. Through collaboration, we bridged the gap between science and society, creating a truly integrated human practice.
</p>
</div>
<div id="colls2024" className="coll-cycletab" style={{display: "none"}}>
<H4 id="colls2024-heading" text="Home University of Linköping"/>
<p>The University of Linköping is one of the bigger universities located in Sweden. Since its inception in 1975, it has become a very innovative and highly renowned institution. </p>
<p>The project of Linköpings iGEM 2024 team: (description taken from their website)</p>
<p>“The product composition will depend on the enzyme missing or malfunctioning in each of the disease types. We’re going to target autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, as this is the one our friend is struggling with. We will focus on the consequences of mutations in three different genes (TGM1, ALOXE3, ALOX12B) that can underlie this condition [5]. However, if our approach turns out to be successful, after some adjustments, the protocol could be applied for the remaining types of the disease as well. First of all, we’ll engineer E. coli to produce the chosen enzymes encoded by the corresponding genes we chose: transglutaminase 1, Epidermis-type lipoxygenase 3, Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase and then we will purify them from the bacteria. Once this system is established and optimized, we’ll proceed to design a functioning delivery system that we will encapsulate the enzymes in. We have decided to produce modulated liposomes that will be able to keep the enzymes active while transporting them. Once the target skin layer is reached, the liposomes will fuse with the membranes of the cells of interest, delivering the product to its final destination. Functioning liposomes packed with the produced enzymes will then be incorporated into a suitable medium to facilitate the topical application for the patients”. </p>
<H4 text="iGEM team Liu project our idea"/>
<p>We first made contact with the team of LIU via email, due to both our teams’ interest in working with LNP based delivery systems. It rapidly became apparent that our two teams could benefit from a corporation especially since the team of LiU was working on an LNP handbook at the time.</p>
<H5 text="Biosafety and Security"/>
<p>Early in our project, we faced challenges working with human biomaterials, particularly cultivating primary human nasal epithelial cells from both CF patients and controls. To address these, we made three key contributions:</p>
<ol>
<li>A guideline for handling biomaterials in compliance with BSL2 standards.{/* [Link guideline] */}</li>
<li>A clinical trial-style questionnaire to assess donor medical history.{/* [Link Link questionaire] */}</li>
<li>A hygiene protocol to improve safety and cleanliness in research facilities.{/* [Link hygiene protocoll] */}</li>
</ol>
<p>
These frameworks ensure that future iGEM teams can overcome similar challenges, ensuring safety and regulatory compliance while streamlining their workflow.
We contributed an extensive collection of optimized protocols for future iGEM teams, integrating our experiences to make synthetic biology more accessible. By embedding safety standards, we enable teams to confidently work with human biomaterials, ensuring regulatory compliance and efficient progress.
</p>
<H5 text="PreCL Reporter System "/>
<p>To test Prime Editing systems targeting the CF-specific delF508 mutation, we developed the PreCL reporter system [Link engineering of PreCL], which offers high sensitivity, minimal noise, and precise fluorescence detection. This versatile tool, adaptable for CRISPR and base editing, enhances the precision of genetic research, particularly in CF studies.
We optimized pegRNA design{/* [linkpegrna] */} by incorporating the TevoPreQ1 RNA motif, improving stability and Prime Editing efficiency. Our innovations, including silent edits and fine-tuned sequences, boost editing accuracy, providing a robust tool for genetic research. </p>
<H5 text="Prime Editing Technology PrimeGuide & Lipid Nanoparticle System AirBuddy "/>
<p>Our PrimeGuide{/* [link] */}system introduces a novel eukaryotic RNA-binding DNA-nickase, a smaller alternative to Cas9. Enhanced with a more efficient Reverse Transcriptase and optimized RNA-binding proteins, this advancement improves Prime Editing accuracy and safety for genetic mutation correction.
We developed AirBuddy{/* [link] */}, a lung-specific RNA/DNA delivery system optimized for gene therapies targeting lung diseases. With low cytotoxicity, efficient cellular uptake, and cost-effective storage, AirBuddy revolutionizes lung disease treatments by providing a safer and more effective delivery method. </p>
<H5 text="Wiki Development"/>
<p>To support future iGEM teams, we developed troubleshooting guides for HTML and CSS{/* [link] */}, making wiki development more accessible and easier to manage.
Through these contributions, we provide valuable tools and frameworks to advance synthetic biology, ensuring safer, more efficient research and therapeutic development for the iGEM community. </p>
</div>
<div id="Handbook" className="coll-cycletab" style={{display: "none"}}>
<H4 id="Handbook-heading" text="Hanbook for download"/>
<PDF link="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/pdfs/liposomes-handbook.pdf" name="liposomes-handbook.pdf"/>
</div>
</div>
)
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Human Practices/Further Engagement/Education.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { ButtonOneWithScroll } from "../../../components/Buttons";
import { H4 } from "../../../components/Headings";
import { H5 } from "../../../components/Headings"
import { TabScrollLink } from "../../../components/Link";
import PreCyse from "../../../components/precyse";
import EduSources from "../../../sources/education-souces";
import { useNavigation } from "../../../utils";
import { useTabNavigation } from "../../../utils/TabNavigation";
export function HPEducation(){
const {goToPageAndScroll} = useNavigation();
useTabNavigation();
return(
<div className="col">
<div className="row align-items-center" >
<div className="col">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="edu-cycletab" text="Overview" open="edu-overview" scrollId="edu-heading"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="edu-cycletab" text="Teuto ruft!" open="teutoruft" scrollId="teuroruft-heading"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="edu-cycletab" text="Schüler*innen Akademie" open="akademie" scrollId="student-academy-heading"/>
</div>
<div className="col">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="edu-cycletab" text="MINT Sommer" open="mint" scrollId="mint-heading"/>
</div>
</div>
<div id="edu-overview" className="edu-cycletab" style={{display: "block"}}>
<H4 id="edu-heading" text="Education as part of a integrated human practice - but why?"/>
<p>While education is not directly considered part of Human Practices in iGEM, it remains a vital component of synthetic biology and scientific advancement
for several important reasons:</p>
<ul>
<li>To help people make <b>informed choices</b> and encourage <b>emancipation through education</b>.</li>
<li>Only informed participants allow for <b>ethical engagement</b>.</li>
<li>To ensure <b>continuous learning</b> in order to secure the future of synthetic biology and Cystic Fibrosis research.</li>
<li>Only awareness and knowledge can <b>prevent misuse and misinformation</b>.</li>
</ul>
<p>This is applicable to both Cystic Fibrosis and synthetic biology in general.</p>
<p>Many people gravitate towards fields they are interested in. Awareness, exploration, and receiving new knowledge are necessary to cultivate an authentic
interest, which, together with positive social interaction, forms a promising foundation for a lasting interest<TabScrollLink tab="edu-overview" num="1" scrollId="desc-edu"/>. As future researchers and part of a
competition aiming for continuous innovation, we feel education is an important ascpect that should not be shrugged off under the guise of focusing on Human Practices.</p>
<H4 id="edu-why-heading" text="Our educational activities"/>
<p>In both "Der Teuto ruft!" and the CeBiTec Student Academy, our team focused on education through personal contact not only as way to spread
awareness about Cystic Fibrosis, but to spread the love we have for what we do. </p>
<p>We are glad to have had the possibility to work with such different audiences. While "Der Teuto ruft!" had a focus on families and required a creative
approach, the "Schüler*innen Akademie" and "MINT Sommer" allowed us to interact with aspiring researchers who may very well be our future classmates at
Bielefeld University.
</p>
<p>However, we came to realize that "Der Teuto ruft!" may have been the more impactful event for our personal growth. It took us out of the familiar
"science bubble" and into a space where we could interact with the general public—people who don’t necessarily have a scientific background. This
experience reminded us how non-scientists perceive complex topics like gene therapy and Cystic Fibrosis. It also highlighted the importance of not only
ethical responsibility but also social responsibility in communicating science. We gained and regained insight into the concerns, misconceptions, and
hopes that the public has regarding synthetic biology, allowing us to better understand what is not only scientifically sound but also socially
acceptable. We are confident that participating in "Der Teuto ruft!" very positively influenced our approach to further communication. </p>
<H4 text="References"></H4>
<EduSources/>
</div>
<div id="akademie" className="edu-cycletab" style={{display: "none"}}>
<H4 id="student-academy-heading" text="Student academy on the topic of synthetic biology"/>
<H5 id="Schüler*innen Akademie" text="Teaching the Next Generation of SynBio Pioneers "/>
<p> The Center for Biotechnology (CeBiTec) at Bielefeld University organizes the annual. <a href="https://www.cebitec.uni-bielefeld.de/events/futher-events/648-11-schuelerakademie" title="CeBiTec Student Academy for “Biotechnology and Biomedicine" > CeBiTec Student Academy for “Biotechnology and Biomedicine </a> Supported by <a href="https://www.osthushenrich-stiftung.de" title="Osthushenrich Foundation" > Osthushenrich Foundation </a> and the <a href="https://www.bezreg-detmold.nrw.de/" title="Detmold district government" > Detmold district government </a>, the academy offers students a unique opportunity to deepen their understanding of biology, genetics, and molecular biology through hands-on experiments and expert lectures. Key topics include nanopore sequencing, tumor diagnostics, and the evolution of SARS-CoV-2. The program is especially valuable for students transitioning from school to potential studies in the natural sciences.
Due to our collaboration with the Student Academy, we conducted the nanopore sequencing experiment and served as teachers, assisting in experiment preparation, execution, offering guidance, and answering questions. This role allowed us to teach the students about laboratory work, the critical aspects of conducting experiments, and essential safety considerations. The experiment involved isolating bacterial DNA, preparing samples for sequencing, and performing both sequencing and data analysis.</p>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/edcation-and-outreach/schielerakademie-vortrag-joern.jpg"></img>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/edcation-and-outreach/schielerakademie-lisa-gruppe2.jpg"></img>
</div>
</div>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p>Since we presented our iGEM project <PreCyse/> to them as well, the students were introduced to study-related projects like iGEM. They learned about the daily tasks, challenges, and responsibilities involved in iGEM through project discussions. Many students were captivated by the iGEM concept and expressed interest in participating during their future studies. They were particularly fascinated by the opportunity to develop real research projects, work independently in the lab, learn extensively about synthetic biology, and implement creative ideas while collaborating with an international team.</p>
</div>
<div id="teutoruft" className="edu-cycletab" style={{display: "none"}}>
<H4 id="teuroruft-heading" text="Educational city tour for young and old"/>
<H5 id="Der Teuto ruft!" text=" What is “Der Teuto ruft!” and why we participate"/>
<p>"Der Teuto ruft!" is an outreach event located all over the city of Bielefeld where various local companies and institutions engage with the public to inform them about their work. Since we wanted to raise awareness for Cystic Fibrosis and present our approach to developing an optimized gene therapy to combat this disease, our participation in the "Der Teuto ruft!" event in Bielefeld was the perfect opportunity to do so.</p>
<H5 id="What was our strategy?" text="What is our strategy?"/>
<p>Our goal was to educate children about the challenges faced by CF patients, especially the ones with lung problems. The knowledge which we gained at the <a onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll ('commworkshop', '/contribution')}> Science Communication Workshop </a> as part of the <a onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll ('bfh-european-meetup', '/contribution')}> BFH Meetup </a> was the optimal basis to plan our outreach to the public. We engaged the children with activities like coloring lung images and conducting experiments to experience and understand lung related symptoms.
One such experiment involved creating a lung model from balloons and straws, demonstrating the difficulty patients have in breathing by having the children blow into the straws. Additionally, we set up a tank with a mixture of starch and water to simulate mucus and placed a ball on top. The children tried to blow the ball across the surface, illustrating how hard it is for air to move through mucus compared to water, where the ball moved much more easily.
The very little ones could paint coloring pages which we designed and printed for them. For the adults, we provided information about our project and discussed the implications and potential of gene therapy for Cystic Fibrosis. These conversations as well as the results of our <a onClick={() => goToPageAndScroll ('our-surveys-on--Cystic Fibrosis-and-gene-therapy', '/human-practices')}> survey on CF and gene therapy </a> which was conducted events like these made it abundantly clear that degrees of knowledge on this topic widely vary throughout the public and we were happy to fill in the existing gaps in people's knowledge and exchange points of view on gene therapy.
Moreover, we connected with other institutions and participants at the event. We shared our booth at Bielefeld’s “Skulpturenpark” on the outside with <a href="https://bts-ev.de/bielefeld/" title="btS" > btS </a>, the life science student initiative from Bielefeld University, with whose members we had stimulating discussions as well. We were more than delighted when the city of Bielefeld featured us on their Instagram, highlighting our presence during "Der Teuto ruft!". This collaboration helped us reach a wider audience and raise awareness about our research efforts.</p>
<br/>
{/* <a href="https://unibielefeldde.sharepoint.com/sites/iGEM2024teams/_layouts/15/stream.aspx?id=%2Fsites%2FiGEM2024teams%2FFreigegebene%20Dokumente%2FGeneral%2FFotos%2C%20Videos%20und%20Co%2FTeuto%20ruft%2FVideo%20Insta%20Teuto%20Ruft%2Emov&ga=1&referrer=StreamWebApp%2EWeb&referrerScenario=AddressBarCopied%2Eview%2Ee4a43a55%2Dfff3%2D4b44%2Db081%2Dad26306f93e0" title="video Teuto ruft" > watch me</a>
*/}
<br/>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<H5 id="conclusion" text="What is our conclusion"/>
<p>Despite the changeable weather, we could educate many people of Bielefeld's community about Cystic Fibrosis, our therapeutic approach and gene therapy in general and had the opportunity to improve our science communication for the future as well so it was a successful event! </p>
</div>
<div className="col">
<figure>
<iframe title="Bielefeld-CeBiTec: Teuto ruft! (2024) [German]" width="560" height="315" src="https://video.igem.org/videos/embed/70499cae-48ae-451a-a889-102ef5e6ccea" frameBorder="0" allowFullScreen={true} sandbox="allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-forms"></iframe>
<figcaption> <b>Figure 1. </b> Instagram-Story posted by <a href="https://www.instagram.com/bielefeldjetzt/"><i>@bielefeldjetzt</i></a> </figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/edcation-and-outreach/teutoruft-experminet.jpeg"></img>
</div>
<div className="col">
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/edcation-and-outreach/teutoruft-gruppe.jpeg"></img>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="mint" className="edu-cycletab" style={{display: "none"}}>
<H4 id="mint-heading" text="MINT Sommer"/>
<H5 id="what and why mint summer" text="What is MINT Summer and why were we participating?"/>
<div className="row">
<img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5247/photos/hp/mintsommerlogo.png" style={{width:"30%", height:"20%"}}/>
<div className="col">
<p>“MINT Summer 2024” is a comprehensive program designed primarily for high school graduates of the class of 2024, who are considering pursuing studies in STEM fields (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, including teaching degrees). The program is perfect for those who are still uncertain if they want to study in STEM or which specific discipline aligns best with their interests.</p>
<p>Our participation in <a href="https://www.uni-bielefeld.de/studium/studieninteressierte/mint-sommer/" title="Mint Summer" >MINT Summer </a> offered us the chance to raise awareness of Cystic Fibrosis and showcase our cutting-edge approach to develop an optimized gene therapy to combat this disease. Through the event we engaged with potential future scientists and researchers, informing them about our project, iGEM and the importance of scientific research in advancing medical treatments. This program not only allows us to share our mission but also to inspire the next generation of STEM students by highlighting the real-world impact of their studies. </p>
</div>
</div>
<H5 id="strategy summer" text="What was our strategy?"/>
<p>Our objective at MINT Summer was to inform attendees, especially aspiring STEM students, about the unique challenges faced by Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients, with a particular focus on lung-related complications. We drew heavily on the insights gained from the Science Communication Workshop at the BFH Meetup, which provided us with the perfect framework to meticulously plan our outreach for this event. This foundation allowed us to craft engaging and educational activities that effectively conveyed the complexities of CF to our audience, ensuring our message was both impactful and accessible. </p>
<p>We took the opportunity to explain the iGEM competition and our project to participants. We shared how iGEM is a global competition that brings together student teams to solve real-world problems using synthetic biology. We discussed how our approach aims to correct the genetic mutation responsible for CF, potentially offering a more effective treatment. By engaging with attendees, we were able to highlight the significance of our research and the impact it could have on improving the lives of those affected by this challenging condition. They got the opportunity to contribute to our project by participating in our survey. </p>
<p>Over the time of two weeks, we established meaningful connections with professors, students, and participants across various STEM fields during the event, like the student initiative btS and the Campusbrauerei Bielefeld. Sharing our project with the life science students was helpful, motivating and opened the door to engaging discussions that enriched our perspective and fostered collaboration. These interactions allowed us to connect with experts and students from different disciplines, enhancing our understanding of how our gene therapy research for Cystic Fibrosis fits within the broader scientific landscape.</p>
<H5 id="conclusion summer" text="What is our conclusion?"/>
<p>The experience allowed us to refine our science communication skills and connect with a broad range of STEM professionals and students. Overall, the event was a valuable opportunity for both education and professional growth, making it a rewarding and impactful experience for our team. </p>
</div>
</div>
);
}
\ No newline at end of file
src/contents/Human Practices/Further Engagement/Entrepreneurship.tsx 0 → 100644
View file @ 3fd292fd
import { ButtonOneWithScroll } from "../../../components/Buttons";
import { H4, H5 } from "../../../components/Headings";
import { TabScrollLink } from "../../../components/Link";
import EntrepreneurSources from "../../../sources/entre-sources";
import { useTabNavigation } from "../../../utils/TabNavigation";
export function HPEntrepreneur(){
useTabNavigation();
return(
<div className="col">
<div className="row align-items-center" >
<div className="col ">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="ent-cycletab" text="Overview" open="ent-overview" scrollId="ent-heading"/>
</div>
<div className="col ">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="ent-interview" text="Interviews with Founders" open="ent-interview" scrollId="ent-inter-heading"/>
</div>
<div className="col ">
<ButtonOneWithScroll openclass="ent-interview" text="Next Steps" open="ent-next" scrollId="ent-course-heading"/>
</div>
</div>
<div id="ent-overview" className="ent-interview" style={{display: "block"}}>
<H4 id="ent-heading" text="Entrepreneurship as part of a integrated human practice - but why?"/>
<p>Entrepreneurship is not only an interesting possibility but necessary to turn our ideas and results into a real product that can help people. </p>
<p>That is why in this section we focus on the aspects of entrepreneurship that are crucial for the potential successful realisation of our project to develop new therapies for Cystic Fibrosis. A pivotal moment was our interview with Nicole Friedlein, which gave us valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities in the field of biomedical innovation. The discussions in the interview encouraged us to look more closely at the regulatory requirements, which is why one team member completed a GxP course and subsequently trained the team in this area. In addition, we conducted further interviews in the area of entrepreneurship to gain a better understanding of the practical aspects of business development. These experiences not only enriched the scientific depth of our project, but also sharpened our perspective on the practical implementation and market launch of new therapies.
</p>
<H4 id="ent-heading" text="Our Entrepreneurship"/>
<p>In conclusion, the entrepreneurial journey of developing RNA-based gene therapy for Cystic Fibrosis, as outlined in our experiences and interviews with industry founders, demonstrates that entrepreneurship is not only an interesting possibility but a necessary avenue to transform scientific innovation into real-world solutions. Our approach has been shaped by the challenges and opportunities in the biotech field, from understanding regulatory frameworks like GxP to navigating complex market dynamics and funding challenges. </p>
<p>Through key interviews, such as the one with Nicole Friedlein, we have gained insights into the pivotal role of regulatory standards in scaling our project. The completion of GxP training by one team member reflects our commitment to ensuring compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), both of which are essential for advancing from proof-of-concept to clinical trials. This foundation is crucial for building investor confidence and meeting regulatory requirements.</p>
<p>Additionally, market evaluations reveal a significant opportunity for our therapy, particularly targeting the unmet needs of Cystic Fibrosis patients who do not respond to current treatments like CFTR modulators. The growing gene therapy market presents a strong case for our innovation, although we are aware of the competitive landscape dominated by companies like Vertex Pharmaceuticals. Our unique value lies in providing a more permanent solution for patients not served by existing treatments. </p>
<p>Interviews with founders from companies such as PlasmidFactory and RNhale have provided valuable lessons on transitioning from research to commercialization. The importance of building networks, securing diverse funding sources, and maintaining flexibility to adapt to market feedback are key takeaways that will guide our next steps. Establishing strategic partnerships and seeking early engagement with regulatory bodies will be essential as we prepare for clinical trials and eventual market entry.</p>
<p>To align our long-term vision of revolutionizing Cystic Fibrosis treatment with immediate milestones, we will continue optimizing our lipid nanoparticle delivery system, pursuing regulatory compliance, and engaging with the Cystic Fibrosis community to refine our product. Our focus on both the scientific and business aspects ensures that we are building a strong foundation for success in bringing this innovative therapy to market, improving the lives of patients with Cystic Fibrosis. </p>
</div>
<div id="ent-interview" className="ent-interview" style={{display: "none"}}>
<H4 id="ent-inter-heading" text="Question 1: Idea Validation"/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">How did you test the marketability of your scientific idea - how did you get a first impression that there is a need for your product or service? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>PlasmidFactory tested the marketability of their idea through participation in scientific conferences. Engaging with other scientists and presenting their own research allowed them to gauge the interest and needs within the field. Direct feedback from these events helped them assess whether their product was aligned with market demand and if they needed to modify or accelerate certain aspects of development.
</p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>RNhale validated their idea by seeking feedback from both the scientific community and industry professionals at conferences and networking events. They noticed growing interest in RNA therapeutics, particularly for lung delivery. The challenges surrounding delivery systems, especially highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic, confirmed that there was a strong market demand for their technology, which motivated them to move forward with commercialization.</p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>For our project, a concrete next step would be to actively seek feedback from Cystic Fibrosis research communities and biotech conferences. We should continue to present our RNA-based gene therapy approach to experts in gene editing and delivery systems, specifically asking for input on our delivery mechanism using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). This early engagement could help identify whether our approach addresses a real unmet need in Cystic Fibrosis treatment and refine our product to better meet clinical and patient needs.
</p>
<H4 id="ent-expert-heading" text="Question 2: Proof-of-Concept"/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">How did you develop the first proof-of-concept before you had investors? Did you work with universities or research institutions to get access to laboratories and equipment? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>PlasmidFactory was aware of the demand for DNA early on, as the founders had already produced DNA for customers during their previous work. Initially, they collaborated with academic partners and customers to meet the demand for plasmid DNA, which helped them establish a proof-of-concept. Over time, they shifted from primarily working with academic institutions to collaborating more with the research-based pharmaceutical industry, while maintaining their connections with universities. </p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>RNhale developed their proof-of-concept through collaborations with universities. They started with in vitro cell culture models and later advanced to more complex systems, such as air-liquid interface models and precision-cut lung slices. Additionally, they performed an in vivo study and had access to human lung tissue samples, which helped them validate their technology in a relevant clinical context before seeking investors. </p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>As the iGEM Team of Bielefeld University, we have access to excellent research infrastructure. A concrete next step for us could be leveraging the university's cell culture and gene editing facilities to develop an advanced proof-of-concept. Additionally, collaborating with other departments within Bielefeld or partner institutions could help us perform in vivo studies. This would allow us to validate our lipid nanoparticle delivery system and present strong preliminary data for future investors or partners. </p>
<H4 text="Question 3: Transition from Research to Commercialization "/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">What were the biggest challenges in the transition from exploring a scientific idea to a commercial start-up? Looking back, are there certain steps you would have taken earlier or differently? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>One of the major challenges was ensuring that their idea was marketable, which is never entirely clear at the beginning. Another significant challenge was securing capital for development. They emphasized the importance of spending only what was available and highlighted the role of research funding programs (EU or national) in supporting early-stage biotech companies. Looking back, they might not have done things differently but emphasized the importance of careful financial planning and making sure the product has a potential market.</p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>For RNhale, the biggest challenge was securing sufficient funding, as transitioning from university-based research to the private sector requires a strategic approach to bridging this gap. They also mentioned that developing a clear business model earlier on could have sped up the process. Another challenge was forming partnerships with industry at an earlier stage, which might have eased both the funding process and commercialization efforts.</p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>Both founders emphasized the challenge of securing funding and building a clear business model. At Bielefeld University, we should consider exploring partnerships with industry early, such as biotech firms or pharmaceutical companies. A concrete next step could be identifying relevant funding programs like EXIST or EU grants, which could help bridge the gap between our university research and commercialization. Developing a business model tailored to RNA-based therapeutics for Cystic Fibrosis will also be critical to attract investors. </p>
<H4 text="Question 4: Funding "/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">What sources of funding did you use in the early stages of your company? Were there any special funding programs or investors that specialized in biotechnology start-ups? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>In the early stages, funding programs for start-ups did not exist as they do today. PlasmidFactory relied on traditional sources like their local bank and creative solutions like purchasing second-hand equipment through platforms like eBay. Their first customers also played a key role, as the revenue from initial sales allowed them to reinvest in the business and further its growth.</p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>RNhale initially relied on public funding from university grants and government programs such as GrowBio and EXIST, which provided crucial pre-seed support. As they transitioned into a private company, they secured additional funding through the European Union’s EIC Transition grant. They also attracted venture capital from firms specializing in biotech, such as the Hightech-Gründerfonds and international investors like Karma Fund and Wellington, who understood the long timelines and high costs associated with biotech development.</p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>Both founders highlighted the importance of securing diverse funding sources early on. A concrete next step could be collaborating with the university’s startup support services to identify potential investors, especially those with biotech experience. Additionally, exploring non-traditional sources such as industry-sponsored research collaborations could provide crucial initial funding to support the development of our Cystic Fibrosis gene therapy. </p>
<H4 text="Question 5: Team Building "/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">What qualifications and skills were particularly important when building your team? Did you bring in experts from industry or other areas? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>For PlasmidFactory, honesty, commitment, and hard work were crucial. The initial team consisted of lab technicians, biochemists, and biologists. Over time, they expanded to include employees from various fields, such as biotechnology and even non-scientific areas like business administration and marketing. Bringing in someone with industry experience was seen as particularly valuable, as industry operates differently from academic environments. </p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>RNhale emphasized the need for a balance between technical expertise and business acumen when building their team. They prioritized operational alignment and recruited individuals skilled in biologics manufacturing, in vitro and in vivo performance, and business development. They also brought in external experts, such as a patent attorney, regulatory advisors, and preclinical specialists. Many of these connections came from networking and startup bootcamps, which provided valuable resources for building a well-rounded team. </p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>Both founders stressed the importance of combining technical expertise with business acumen. At Bielefeld University, we should focus on building a diverse team that includes not only scientists skilled in RNA therapeutics and gene editing but also individuals with experience in business development and regulatory affairs. A concrete next step could be reaching out to the university’s business and legal faculties to bring in experts who can help us navigate commercialization and regulatory processes. </p>
<H4 text="Question 6: Regulatory Challenges "/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">What regulatory challenges did you face in your start-up process, and how did you overcome them? What advice would you give to other start-ups in terms of compliance with regulations and laws? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>PlasmidFactory emphasized the strict regulations in the biotech and pharmaceutical industries, particularly in the field of genetic engineering. They highlighted the importance of adhering to laws from the start. Since the founders didn’t have extensive expertise in regulatory compliance, they overcame this challenge by collaborating with institutions like universities and research centers, which provided the necessary regulatory knowledge.</p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>RNhale faced significant regulatory challenges, particularly in meeting the strict requirements for clinical testing. They needed to conduct preclinical studies under Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) conditions and ensure their product was manufactured under Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). To navigate these regulations, they worked with external advisors and contract research/manufacturing organizations (CROs and CMOs). They recommended integrating regulatory considerations early in the development process and maintaining close contact with regulatory experts and authorities to prevent delays and ensure compliance.</p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>Both founders highlighted the complexity of regulatory compliance, particularly in biotech. For our project, we need to integrate regulatory considerations early, especially regarding clinical trials and safety standards for gene therapies. A concrete step would be to consult with experts in Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP), ensuring that our lipid nanoparticle system meets the necessary regulations. Additionally, early engagement with regulatory bodies could smooth the path to eventual clinical trials. </p>
<H4 text="Question 7: Market Entry and Networking "/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">What role did networks and partnerships play when you entered the market? How did you acquire your first customers or partners, and which strategies were particularly successful? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>PlasmidFactory's strategy was simple: demonstrate scientific expertise to build trust. This approach helped them gain credibility and attract customers. They emphasized patience, noting that success can take a long time—sometimes up to 10 years—but perseverance and maintaining strong relationships with partners and customers were key to their success.</p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>Networks and partnerships were critical for RNhale's market entry. They leveraged connections from their university affiliations, startup bootcamps, and conferences to build relationships with industry experts. Their first customers and partners were acquired through these networks. Participating in startup accelerators and pitch events allowed them to showcase their business model and technology, which helped secure partnerships and build credibility in the RNA therapeutics field.</p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>Both founders stressed the importance of building networks and partnerships early. For our project, we should focus on developing relationships with industry experts and potential partners through conferences, pitch events, and biotech startup programs. A concrete next step could be to participate in networking events where we can present our RNA-based therapy and gain valuable contacts in the pharmaceutical industry. This could also help us identify early customers or strategic partners to accelerate market entry. </p>
<H4 text="Question 8: Intellectual Property (IP) "/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">How did you secure your intellectual property rights? What steps were necessary to obtain patents or licenses? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>PlasmidFactory highlighted the importance of keeping ideas confidential in the early stages to prevent others from taking them. They discussed three strategies: recording the idea as a deed with a notary, registering it as a utility model for lower-cost protection, and eventually pursuing a full patent, initially focusing on Germany and possibly a few other countries. In licensing agreements, they ensured that fees were only due to the technology owner once the startup earned money from it.</p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>RNhale secured their intellectual property through university licensing and strategic patent filings. Early work was patented by the university, and they secured exclusive rights to use the technology for commercialization through a licensing agreement. For later developments, they took a strategic approach, filing priority patents to protect novelty and expanding patent claims within the 12-month window to cover commercially relevant aspects. They emphasized the importance of negotiating IP agreements early, especially when working with universities, and planning a robust patent strategy.</p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>Both founders emphasized the importance of securing IP early, especially when working with universities or external partners. For our project, we should develop a clear patent strategy for our RNA-based Cystic Fibrosis therapy. A concrete next step would be to consult with IP experts to ensure our technology is well protected. Negotiating early IP agreements with the university or external collaborators is crucial to safeguard our innovations while allowing room for future developments. </p>
<H4 text="Question 9: Pivoting "/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">Were there moments when you had to adapt or completely change your original idea? What were the triggers, and how did you deal with them? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>PlasmidFactory did not experience a major pivot in their business model but emphasized the importance of constant dialogue with customers. In some cases, customers did not initially accept their ideas, but rather than giving up, they remained patient and revisited the discussion with references from other satisfied clients to build credibility. </p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>RNhale had to adapt their original idea several times. One significant pivot was shifting from providing a service for lipid nanoparticle formulation to developing their own proprietary therapeutic product for severe asthma. Feedback from investors and participation in startup bootcamps revealed a stronger market demand for a product-driven approach with a clear exit strategy. This led them to revise their business model while still leveraging their core technology.</p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>Both founders discussed the importance of remaining adaptable to feedback and market needs. For our project, we must be open to making strategic adjustments based on the feedback we receive from clinical trials, investors, or partners. A concrete next step would be to establish a flexible business plan that allows for pivots, such as focusing on specific subtypes of Cystic Fibrosis patients or adjusting our lipid nanoparticle delivery system to meet evolving technological or regulatory requirements. </p>
<H4 text="Question 10: Long-term Vision "/>
<H5 text="What we asked the Founders"/>
<p className="ask-p">Did you have something like a long-term vision for your company and, if so, how did you reconcile this vision with the short-term goals? </p>
<H5 text="What the Founders had to say "/>
<p><b>PlasmidFactory (Martin Schleef)</b></p>
<p>PlasmidFactory had a long-term vision from the beginning, which was to produce pharmaceutical-grade plasmid DNA (GMP). However, the process of building and certifying a GMP facility was costly and time-consuming. To manage short-term goals, they developed an intermediate quality standard called “high quality,” which allowed them to supply starting materials for pharmaceutical vector production. It took them 25 years to open their first GMP facility, demonstrating their focus on long-term planning while balancing immediate milestones.</p>
<p><b>RNhale (Benjamin Winkeljann)</b></p>
<p>RNhale’s long-term vision was to develop RNA-based therapeutics, particularly for respiratory diseases. They reconciled this vision with short-term goals by breaking their vision into actionable milestones, such as developing a lead candidate for severe asthma. Alongside their core therapeutic focus, they offered small-scale manufacturing services to generate revenue and build credibility. This dual approach helped them maintain momentum while working towards their larger goal of establishing a pipeline of RNA therapeutics. </p>
<H5 text="Learnings and Implications for our project "/>
<p>Both founders highlighted the importance of aligning short-term goals with a long-term vision. For our project, we must ensure that while focusing on immediate milestones, such as demonstrating the efficacy of our RNA-based therapy, we maintain sight of our broader goal: revolutionizing Cystic Fibrosis treatment. A concrete next step would be to break down our long-term vision into actionable short-term goals, such as optimizing our delivery system and securing regulatory approvals, while building a sustainable pipeline for future RNA therapeutics. </p>
</div>
<div id="ent-next" className="ent-interview" style={{display: "none"}}>
<H4 id="ent-course-heading" text="GXP in the context of clinical trials "/>
<H5 text="Role of GXP in Scaling and Proof-of-Concept"/>
<p>To take our RNA-based gene therapy for Cystic Fibrosis closer to clinical trials and potential market entry, investors and regulatory authorities need
confidence in the quality and reliability of our work. While the current iGEM proof-of-concept demonstrates feasibility, investors typically expect a
more sophisticated validation, especially in <b>In-Vivo models</b>. GXP would be fundamental in achieving this next step: </p>
<ul>
<li><b>Good Laboratory Practice (GLP)</b> would guide the experimental setup in animal models, ensuring that the results we generate are reproducible and meet regulatory standards for data integrity and safety. This is critical for progressing to preclinical trials. </li>
<li><b>Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) </b> would play a key role as we look to scale our production. Not only would we need to produce our RNA constructs consistently, but we would also have to demonstrate that our manufacturing process can be scaled while maintaining quality and safety, which is essential for attracting investment. </li>
</ul>
<H5 text="Insights from GXP Training"/>
<p>One of our team members recently completed an intensive GXP course, which reinforced the importance of standard operating procedures (SOPs) and rigorous documentation throughout the development process​(HP_GXP course). This training has prepared us to implement practices such as Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), a risk assessment technique that will help identify potential issues early in the development phase, ensuring we can preemptively mitigate risks. </p>
<p>As we aim to move towards clinical trials, GXP ensures that our product development pipeline is both ethical and compliant with international safety standards, which will be key in discussions with investors and regulatory bodies. By embedding these principles early, we not only enhance the quality and reliability of our data but also lay a foundation for future clinical applications. </p>
<H5 text="Next Steps"/>
<p>As we move forward, our team plans to gradually integrate GXP standards into our development pipeline. The knowledge gained from the GXP course, along with expert consultations, provides us with a better understanding of the regulatory expectations in the biotechnology field. While we are still in the early stages of applying these standards, we aim to align our processes with industry requirements. This will ensure that, as we progress, we maintain a high level of quality and compliance, particularly as we scale up production and move closer to potential clinical applications. </p>
<H4 text="Market Evaluation"/>
<H5 text="1. Target Market Definition "/>
<p><b>Patient Population:</b> Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a rare genetic disorder affecting over 80,000 individuals worldwide, with a significant
concentration in North America and Europe. About 90% of CF patients have at least one copy of the F508del mutation, which makes them potential
candidates for therapies targeting this mutation. </p>
<p><b>Geographical Focus:</b>The largest markets are in North America and Europe, where CF prevalence is highest, and access to advanced therapies
like RNA-based treatments is well-supported<TabScrollLink tab="ent-next" scrollId="ent-refs" num="1"/>.This would be the primary focus for our therapy, particularly in countries with established CF
treatment infrastructures such as the U.S., Germany, and the U.K.</p>
<p><b>Unmet Needs: </b>Despite advancements like CFTR modulators (e.g., Kaftrio), around 10% of patients do not respond to current treatments and rely on
symptomatic care<TabScrollLink tab="ent-next" scrollId="ent-refs" num="2"/>. Our RNA-based gene therapy could address this unmet need, specifically targeting the Delta F508 mutation for which many patients have
limited options. </p>
<H5 text="Market Size and Growth Potential"/>
<p><b>Market Size: </b> The global Cystic Fibrosis treatment market was valued at USD 9.41 billion in 2023 and is expected to grow to USD 29.19 billion by
2032, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.4%<TabScrollLink tab="ent-next" scrollId="ent-refs" num="3"/>. This growth is driven by advancements in gene therapy and increased research funding. Gene
therapy targeting the F508del mutation, the most common CF mutation, presents a significant market opportunity within this larger CF treatment market. </p>
<p><b>Growth Drivers:</b> The increase in CF patient lifespan due to improved treatments, alongside ongoing innovation in RNA-based therapies, offers
significant growth potential. The rise in government-backed initiatives and non-profit funding further supports market expansion. </p>
<p><b>Opportunity for RNA-Based Therapies:</b> While current treatments like CFTR modulators provide relief for many patients, approximately 10% of CF
patients do not benefit from these therapies<TabScrollLink tab="ent-next" scrollId="ent-refs" num="2"/>. Our RNA-based therapy has the potential to capture this segment of the market, addressing an unmet
clinical need.</p>
<H5 text="3. Competitive Landscape "/>
<p><b>Current Competitors:</b>The Cystic Fibrosis treatment space is dominated by pharmaceutical giants such as Vertex Pharmaceuticals, which has developed
CFTR modulators like Kaftrio/Trikafta. These modulators are currently the gold standard for treating CF patients with the F508del mutation.
Other key players in the market include Novartis, Gilead Sciences, and AbbVie, all of whom are active in CF drug development.</p>
<p><b>Gene Therapy Competitors:</b>While CFTR modulators have been highly successful, several companies are exploring gene therapies aimed at addressing the
root cause of CF by correcting or replacing defective CFTR genes. Early-stage gene therapy trials have faced challenges, but advancements in delivery
technologies and CRISPR-based therapies are opening new pathways<TabScrollLink tab="ent-next" scrollId="ent-refs" num="4"/>.</p>
<p><b>Our Differentiation: </b> Unlike existing CFTR modulators that require lifelong administration, our RNA-based therapy aims to provide a more
permanent solution by directly addressing the genetic cause of CF, specifically targeting patients who do not respond to current CFTR modulators.
This could position us as a unique player in the market, targeting an underserved patient group.</p>
<H5 text="4. Barriers to Entry "/>
<p><b>Regulatory Hurdles:</b>One of the biggest challenges in bringing a gene therapy to market is navigating the complex regulatory environment.
Compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) is essential for obtaining approvals from bodies like the FDA and EMA.
Securing approval for RNA-based gene therapies, particularly those targeting rare diseases like Cystic Fibrosis, can involve lengthy and expensive clinical
trials.</p>
<p><b>High R&D Costs:</b> Developing gene therapies involves significant upfront costs, from research and development to clinical trials. For a small
biotech startup, securing the necessary funding can be a barrier, especially when competing against established pharmaceutical companies with larger R&D
budgets.</p>
<p><b>Delivery Challenges:</b> Effective delivery of RNA-based therapies to the lungs remains a technical barrier. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) show
promise, optimizing the delivery method to ensure consistent, safe, and effective distribution of the therapy in lung tissues is a challenge that still
needs to be fully addressed.</p>
<p><b>Market Saturation and Entrenched Competitors:</b> The CF treatment market is already dominated by established players like Vertex Pharmaceuticals.
Gaining a foothold in a market where CFTR modulators are the standard of care will require demonstrating significant clinical advantages, particularly for
patients not served by existing treatments.</p>
<H5 text="5. Go-to-Market Strategy"/>
<p><b>Initial Focus on Clinical Partnerships:</b> The first step in bringing our RNA-based gene therapy to market will be partnering with academic
institutions and clinical research centers to conduct initial clinical trials. Establishing credibility through collaborations with key opinion leaders
in Cystic Fibrosis treatment will help build trust and validate the efficacy of our therapy.</p>
<p><b>Early Adopters: </b>Our focus will be on targeting early adopters, such as specialized Cystic Fibrosis clinics and hospitals that are familiar
with cutting-edge gene therapies. These institutions are more likely to adopt novel treatments and provide us with real-world data to further refine our
therapy.</p>
<p><b>Partnerships with Biotech and Pharmaceutical Companies:</b> Partnering with established biotech or pharmaceutical companies could help accelerate
commercialization by providing access to distribution channels, regulatory expertise, and additional funding. Licensing agreements or co-development
deals with companies specializing in gene therapy could be key to scaling production.</p>
<p><b>Regulatory Strategy:</b>Navigating the regulatory environment will be a priority, and early engagement with the FDA, EMA, and other regulatory
bodies will help ensure a smoother approval process. Focusing on orphan drug designation or fast-track approvals for rare diseases like Cystic Fibrosis
could expedite the regulatory timeline.</p>
<p><b>Long-Term Vision:</b> After initial success in treating Cystic Fibrosis, our RNA-based therapy could be expanded to treat other genetic disorders.
The modular nature of our technology allows us to adapt the therapy for other rare diseases, providing a broader market potential in the future.</p>
<H5 id="ent-refs" text="References" ></H5>
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