Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is an indeterminate colitis and autoimmune inflammatory bowel disease that involves the ileum, rectum, and colon. Due to its unknown pathogenesis, it is difficult to cure and prone to relapse, which is then referred to as the "green cancer". As the incidence of IBD is increasing globally, the poor therapeutic experience, which the patients are required to receive long-term hormone injection and biologic combination therapy, is determined to seek a breakthrough. Our team stands to develop a more favorable treatment experience. Relevant studies have shown that lactic acid has an inhibitory effect on abnormally activated dendritic cells and cytotoxic T-cells in autoimmune diseases, and thus is expected to improve the symptoms of IBD patients. Based on the research, we designed a yeast engineered bacterium. We introduced a muscone detecting switch in the engineered yeast and activated the downstream pathway to express lactate dehydrogenase to produce lactic acid. Ultimately, the engineered bacteria will colonize the small intestine, enabling the patient to treat IBD by inhaling muscone gas in vitro therefore induces the yeast to synthesize a low amount of stabilized lactic acid in vivo. Aroma therapy has the potential to be a new trend in long-term treatment for IBD as it can reduce the discomfort of treatment and improve the long-term treatment experience.
Fig 1: Illustration of IBD treatment mechanism
Tsinghua University is a public university in Haidian, Beijing. It is affiliated with and funded by the Ministry of Education of China. The university is part of Project 211, Project 985, and the Double First-Class Construction. It is also a member of the C9 League. Tsinghua University's campus is situated in northwest Beijing, on the site of the former imperial gardens of the Qing dynasty. Currently, the university has 21 schools and 59 departments, with faculties in science, engineering, humanities, law, medicine, history, philosophy, economics, management, education and art.
Notable alumni who have held senior positions in Chinese politics include current general secretary and president of China, Xi Jinping, former general secretary and president of China Hu Jintao, former chairman of the National People's Congress Wu Bangguo, former premier Zhu Rongji, and the former first vice premier Huang Ju. This also includes politicians like Wu Guanzheng, former governor of the People's Bank of China Zhou Xiaochuan, former minister of finance Lou Jiwei, general Sun Li-jen, Liang Qichao, and more. Since 2016, Tsinghua graduates who have political prominence are disproportionately greater in number than graduates of other famous universities.
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Table 1: Sample data for Topic 2
Tsinghua University is consistently ranked among the top universities in the Asia-Pacific according to major international university rankings. Tsinghua University ranked No. 1 in China, the whole of Asia-Oceania region and emerging countries according to the Times Higher Education, with its industry income, research, and teaching performance indicator placed at 1st, 4th and 9th respectively in the world. Internationally, Tsinghua was regarded as the most reputable Chinese university by the Times Higher Education World Reputation Rankings where, it has ranked 8th globally and 1st in the Asia-Pacific.
The Engineering Research Center for Navigation Technology is a relatively young institute in the Department of Precision Instrument which was established in 2000, with the intention to "[pursue] excellence in the research and development in the field of high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, as well as in MEMS inertial sensor fields, and to provide advanced training for future scientists and engineers in the field of inertial technology." Its research interests cover high-accuracy inertial instruments and navigation technology, MEMS inertial sensors and systems, and precise electro-mechanical control systems and their application. As of 2012, the area of the center is 2900 square meters, including approximately 550 square meters of clean rooms. Equipment and instruments in this center are worth over 50 million RMB (US$7.56 million).
Fig 2: Additional illustration for Topic 2
This is the content for Topic 3. You can add your desired text here.
The formula for the normal distribution is:
\[ f(x) = \frac{1}{\sigma\sqrt{2\pi}} e^{-\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\right)^2} \]
Where: