diff --git a/static/page.css b/static/page.css index 4f573cc0655d5a1db5021be92db0d961f1e9a102..1352e12e94d432333873234e5da7fc1ea8af5442 100644 --- a/static/page.css +++ b/static/page.css @@ -325,6 +325,7 @@ body{ font-size: 3.07vw; font-family: SourceSansPro; font-weight: 600; + color: #185A4F; } .pagecontent .h2{ text-align: left; @@ -365,7 +366,7 @@ body{ height: 100%; object-fit: contain; } -.pagecontent p{ +.pagecontent p { margin-top: 20px; text-align: justify; font-family: AccidenzCommons; @@ -373,6 +374,7 @@ body{ font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; line-height: normal; + color: #C6EBE8; } .pagecontent .a-pagestyle{ text-decoration: none; diff --git a/wiki/pages/description.html b/wiki/pages/description.html index ea22a08d790d7c3e17c8456cd094d4254a8ca64d..f1ee6994eb3e72115b41e19125a6b99da6f6f136 100644 --- a/wiki/pages/description.html +++ b/wiki/pages/description.html @@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ <!-- 1 --> <div class="h" id="one"> <div class="h1">Background</div> - <p>The Netherlands has been facing a pressing <strong>nitrogen crisis</strong> for several years. This crisis is largely attributed to the <strong>agriculture sector</strong>, with over 80% of ammonia (a nitrogenous compound) emissions coming from manure <a href="https://www.wur.nl/en/newsarticle/Nitrogen-crisis-in-the-Netherlands.htm">[NitrogenWUR]</a> and chemical fertilizers <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/nitrogen-crisis">[TheGovernment.nl]</a>.</p> - <p>The over-use of fertilizers has a detrimental effect on the environment through the deposition of excess nitrogen oxides and ammonia in the ground, excessively enriching the environment with nutrients promoting uncontrolled plant and algal growth, or eutrophication, a form of nutrient imbalance <a href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/eutrophication.html">[US Department of Commerce What is Eutrophication]</a> that negatively impacts the local biodiversity. This highlights the need of the hour: <strong>tackle the nitrogen crisis without negatively affecting food production</strong>, which still depends highly on fertilizers.</p> + <p>The Netherlands has been facing a pressing <strong>nitrogen crisis</strong> for several years. This crisis is largely attributed to the <strong>agriculture sector</strong>, with over 80% of ammonia (a nitrogenous compound) emissions coming from manure <a href="https://www.wur.nl/en/newsarticle/Nitrogen-crisis-in-the-Netherlands.htm" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[NitrogenWUR]</a> and chemical fertilizers <a href="https://www.government.nl/topics/nitrogen-crisis" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[TheGovernment.nl]</a>.</p> + <p>The over-use of fertilizers has a detrimental effect on the environment through the deposition of excess nitrogen oxides and ammonia in the ground, excessively enriching the environment with nutrients promoting uncontrolled plant and algal growth, or eutrophication, a form of nutrient imbalance <a href="https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/eutrophication.html" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[US Department of Commerce What is Eutrophication]</a> that negatively impacts the local biodiversity. This highlights the need of the hour: <strong>tackle the nitrogen crisis without negatively affecting food production</strong>, which still depends highly on fertilizers.</p> <div class="img-pagestyle" style="width:80%"> <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5054/background.svg" alt=""> </div> @@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ <!-- 2 --> <div class="h" id="two"> <div class="h1">Problem</div> - <p>The Nitrogen Action Programme, introduced by the Dutch government in 2015, aimed to reduce nitrogen deposition, particularly in agriculture due to fertilizer use and ammonia emissions. However, in 2019, the Council of State deemed the programme <strong>insufficient</strong>, highlighting that nitrogen emissions were not just affecting rural ecosystems but also impacting urban development. As a result, new residential construction projects were halted until nitrogen emissions could be adequately compensated for, exacerbating the already critical housing shortage in the Netherlands <a href="https://www.wur.nl/en/newsarticle/Nitrogen-crisis-in-the-Netherlands.htm">[NitrogenWUR]</a>. This demonstrates how agricultural nitrogen management has far-reaching effects beyond the environment, directly influencing urban issues like the housing crisis, thereby emphasizing the urgency of addressing both challenges in tandem.</p> + <p>The Nitrogen Action Programme, introduced by the Dutch government in 2015, aimed to reduce nitrogen deposition, particularly in agriculture due to fertilizer use and ammonia emissions. However, in 2019, the Council of State deemed the programme <strong>insufficient</strong>, highlighting that nitrogen emissions were not just affecting rural ecosystems but also impacting urban development. As a result, new residential construction projects were halted until nitrogen emissions could be adequately compensated for, exacerbating the already critical housing shortage in the Netherlands <a href="https://www.wur.nl/en/newsarticle/Nitrogen-crisis-in-the-Netherlands.htm" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[NitrogenWUR]</a>. This demonstrates how agricultural nitrogen management has far-reaching effects beyond the environment, directly influencing urban issues like the housing crisis, thereby emphasizing the urgency of addressing both challenges in tandem.</p> <div class="img-pagestyle" style="width:100%;margin-top:5px;"> <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5054/problem.svg" alt=""> </div> - <p>To combat global hunger and feed a growing population, an increase in global food production is crucial. This can be at least partially addressed through increasing crop yields, for which fertilizers are needed. Production of fertilizer is possible due to the Haber-Bosch process, where elemental nitrogen is converted into ammonia. <strong>Over-fertilization</strong> and its direct and indirect impact on the environment make agriculture the second leading contributor to short-term <strong>increases in global surface temperature</strong> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-34214-3">[Elhai2023 Engineering Neoplasts]</a>.</p> + <p>To combat global hunger and feed a growing population, an increase in global food production is crucial. This can be at least partially addressed through increasing crop yields, for which fertilizers are needed. Production of fertilizer is possible due to the Haber-Bosch process, where elemental nitrogen is converted into ammonia. <strong>Over-fertilization</strong> and its direct and indirect impact on the environment make agriculture the second leading contributor to short-term <strong>increases in global surface temperature</strong> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-34214-3" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[Elhai2023 Engineering Neoplasts]</a>.</p> <p>We expected, as the results of the experiment, that the light emitted by the primitive lux operon was a very faint blue light (similar to a schematic diagram of PV), which is very technological, but far from being called "LAMPS". Our project first set out to make our enzymes emit brighter and more colorful light for practical applications. We use both <b>protein engineering</b> and <b>metabolic engineering</b> to achieve the design goal of <b>increasing light intensity</b>.</p> - <p>In 2022, Dutch agriculture lost 74% (312,000 tons) of the nitrogen it spread as manure and synthetic fertilizer to the air and soil. Synthetic fertilizer production alone is also the cause of nearly <strong>2% of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</strong> <a href="https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2023/increase-in-agriculture-s-nitrogen-emissions">[ToenameCBS]</a>. In addition to <strong>water pollution</strong> by leakage of nitrate, <strong>air pollution</strong> due to the conversion of nitrates to N<sub>2</sub>O leads to a global greenhouse effect equivalent to 10% of that caused by the increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/">[AR4IPCC]</a>. For staple crops like cereals and maize, <strong>up to 40% of a farm’s operating cost is spent purchasing fertilizer</strong> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-34214-3">[Elhai2023 Engineering Neoplasts]</a>. Rising prices for fertilizer have been one of the problems leading to farmers' protests in Europe, and efforts to reduce nitrogen emissions in the Netherlands have been met with its own wave of protests <a href="https://dutchnews.nl/news/2023/farmers-protests-in-the-netherlands/">[ProtestingDutchNews.nl]</a>.</p> + <p>In 2022, Dutch agriculture lost 74% (312,000 tons) of the nitrogen it spread as manure and synthetic fertilizer to the air and soil. Synthetic fertilizer production alone is also the cause of nearly <strong>2% of global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions</strong> <a href="https://www.cbs.nl/en-gb/news/2023/increase-in-agriculture-s-nitrogen-emissions" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[ToenameCBS]</a>. In addition to <strong>water pollution</strong> by leakage of nitrate, <strong>air pollution</strong> due to the conversion of nitrates to N<sub>2</sub>O leads to a global greenhouse effect equivalent to 10% of that caused by the increase in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> <a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[AR4IPCC]</a>. For staple crops like cereals and maize, <strong>up to 40% of a farm’s operating cost is spent purchasing fertilizer</strong> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-34214-3" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[Elhai2023 Engineering Neoplasts]</a>. Rising prices for fertilizer have been one of the problems leading to farmers' protests in Europe, and efforts to reduce nitrogen emissions in the Netherlands have been met with its own wave of protests <a href="https://dutchnews.nl/news/2023/farmers-protests-in-the-netherlands/" style="color: #C6EBE8;">[ProtestingDutchNews.nl]</a>.</p> <div class="img-pagestyle" style="width:80%;margin-top:5px;"></div> <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5054/problem2.svg" alt=""> </div>