diff --git a/wiki/blogposts/aminoacids.md b/wiki/blogposts/aminoacids.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..899a12108a2024a9fa7b7cdd4ae7c2949cb65fef
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+++ b/wiki/blogposts/aminoacids.md
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+---
+title: Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds
+author: Mihir Kapse
+date: 2 October 2024
+---
+
+The word ‘proteins’ pops up everywhere in many different conversations. Sometimes it is about food diet and a few times it might be about biomolecules, diseases, or genetic material. These all have proteins as a major component. Proteins are nothing but bio-polymers of a type of **amino acid** called alpha-amino acids.
+
+Fundamentally, amino acids are organic compounds that have both functional groups: **amino and carboxyl.** Depending on the relative position of these two functional groups, amino acids are classified into various types. All biological systems mainly consist of alpha-amino acids. They are of extreme importance to all biological life.
+
+In 1806, French chemists Vauquelin and Robiquet successfully isolated Asparagine, the first amino acid to be discovered. Later on in 1810, another amino acid Cystine was discovered. Subsequently, more and more amino acids were discovered. Currently, we know that over 500 amino acids exist in nature.
+
+For us, there are majorly two types of amino acids: essential and non-essential amino acids. Essential are the ones that our body cannot synthesise on its own and so we rely on diet. On the other hand, non-essential amino acids are the ones that our body can synthesize. Amino acids are found everywhere in our body. Enzymes, hormones, protein synthesis, neurotransmitters, etc all require amino acids.
+
+Beyond their role as residues in protein, amino acids participate in other biological processes such as neurotransmitter transport and biosynthesis. Amino acids are also added to animal feed to fulfil animal’s requirements for their essential amino acids. Because of their chelating ability, they are sometimes used in fertilizers to facilitate the delivery of minerals to plants.
+
+Proteins, as said above, are polymers of amino acids. These amino acids are connected to each other by peptide bonds. Chemically, peptide bonds are an **amide linkage** formed between the carboxyl and amino groups of two amino acids.
+
+During the process of [translation](#), peptide bonds are formed leading to the synthesis of protein. Peptide bonds also decide the overall structure of proteins. It also has broad applications in biotechnology and medicine (for example, peptide-based drugs), as peptide bonds can be synthetically created.
+
+#### References:
+1. Muller, P.. Glossary of terms used in physical organic chemistry. Pure and Applied Chemistry. 1994
+2. Nelson DL, Cox MM. Principles of Biochemistry (4th ed.). New York: W. H. Freeman. 2005
+3. Flissi, Areski; Ricart, Emma; Campart, Clémentine; Chevalier, Mickael; Dufresne, Yoann; Michalik, Juraj; Jacques, Philippe; Flahaut, Christophe; Lisacek, Frédérique; Leclère, Valérie; Pupin, Maude. Norine: update of the nonribosomal peptide resource. Nucleic Acids Research. 2020
+4. Vauquelin LN, Robiquet PJ. The discovery of a new plant principle in Asparagus sativus. Annales de Chimie. 1806
+5. Wollaston WH. On cystic oxide, a new species of urinary calculus. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 1810
+6. Leuchtenberger W, Huthmacher K, Drauz K. "Biotechnological production of amino acids and derivatives: current status and prospects". Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. November 2005
+7. Ashmead HD. Foliar Feeding of Plants with Amino Acid Chelates. Park Ridge: Noyes Publications. 1986
+
diff --git a/wiki/blogposts/dna.md b/wiki/blogposts/dna.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..f668e0be9297c4de8b10f2b74016d9893710bb69
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wiki/blogposts/dna.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+---
+title: DNA
+author: Krishna Bhikadiya
+date: 21 August 2024
+---
+
+DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is a special molecule that carries genetic instructions for life. One can think of DNA as an instruction manual for building and running living organisms. It directs the synthesis of proteins and regulates various biological processes. It is present inside the nucleus of the cell (eukaryotic) or in the cytoplasm (prokaryotic), and is responsible for transmission of inherent characters from parents to progeny (heredity).
+
+### What is DNA Made Up Of?
+
+DNA is a long chain polymer made up of small units call **nucleotides**. Hence, it is also called a polynucleotide. A nucleotide has two components - a backbone made from deoxyribose sugar and phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases.
+
+The nucleotides are joined together by covalent bonds called **phosphodiester linkages** between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of another - resulting in alternate sugar-phosphate backbond. The nucleotides contain nitrogenous bases, which in the case of DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). This forms the primary structure of DNA. The sequence of bases is unique for a particular organism, and it is what makes us unique. The sequence of bases is also what stores genetic information, and the proteins encoded by the DNA.
+
+### Structure of DNA
+
+In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick proposed the famous double helix model based on X-ray diffraction data obtained by Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. DNA does not usually exist as single strand or chain but instead as a pair of strands that are tightly held together. These two long strands coil around each other in the shape of a double helix.
+
+The DNA double helix is stabilised primarily by two forces -- hydrogen bonds between nucleotides and base stacking interactions among aromatic nucleobases. The two strands are complementary to each other because hydrogen bonds are formed between specific bases only - adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine. Both strands of DNA store the same biological information. The DNA chain measures 2.2-2.6nm wide, and one nucleotide unit measures 0.33nm long.
+
+A large part of DNA (more than 98%) in human is [non-coding](#), meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein synthesis. The genetic information carried by DNA is held in sequences of pieces of DNA called [genes](#). These genes regulate protein synthesis resulting in traits of organisms.
+
+DNA [replicates](#) itself before cell division into two so each cell gets a copy when they divide. It is due to this fundamental process that genetic inheritance takes place. Very often, [mutations](#) occur during DNA replication, leading to variations in the population.
+
+Understanding DNA and genetic mechanisms allows scientists to study evolutionary relationships and trace the lineage of various species. DNA is very special because it serves as a foundation of life. Think of it as a set of recipes that tells your body how to make everything it needs, from your eye colour to how your cells work.
+
+#### References:
+1. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002. The Structure and Function of DNA.
diff --git a/wiki/blogposts/gene.md b/wiki/blogposts/gene.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..c5fc183d261c18ff6c75ee0b3f939b3c67a6f892
--- /dev/null
+++ b/wiki/blogposts/gene.md
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+---
+title: Gene
+author: Mihir Kapse
+date: 2 October 2024
+---
+
+The term ‘gene’ is defined variedly throughout different aspects of biology. It is vaguely defined as there is no particular definition for a gene. The two major definitions widely used are the Mendelian gene and the molecular gene. Mendelian gene is defined as the **basic unit of heredity,** that is, the passing on of characters from one generation to the next. On the other hand, the **molecular gene** is defined as a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that is transcribed to produce a functional RNA.
+
+In the 1860s, Gregor Mendel suggested the existence of discrete inheritable units. The term ‘gene’ was introduced by Wilhelm Johannsem in 1909. It originates from the Greek word ‘gonos’ which means offspring and procreation. Our modern understanding of genes has so far come to as ‘a functional unit of DNA’.
+
+In [DNA](#), there are two types of genes:
+1. **Coding genes:** Genes that contain the instructions to make a protein are called coding genes. These regions are [transcribed](#) into [messenger RNA](#) by the RNA polymerase, which then gets transported to [ribosomes](#) where protein synthesis takes place. This process is called gene expression.
+2. **Non-coding genes:** Genes that do not code for proteins are called non-coding genes. Instead, they produce functional RNA molecules, like [ribosomal RNA](#) and [transfer RNA](#). Some RNAs produced from these genes regulate gene expression, some are essential for RNA splicing, and some play a crucial role in genome stability.
+
+During the process of reproduction, genes carry the traits and other necessary information from the parent to the offspring. These genes make up different DNA sequences, together called a genotype. The genotype of an individual is very specific with respect to the gene pool of the population of a given species. It carries information for everything, hair colour, eye colour, height, skin colour, and whatnot. Genes are the ultimate source of information for the zygote so formed for its growth and development.
+
+Sometimes, during [DNA replication](#), a gene can acquire mutations in its sequence. Subsequently, these cause changes in individuals which can further lead to the evolution of species. Humans share about 98-99% genes with chimpanzees. This merits the fact that humans and chimpanzees have evolved from a common ancestor.
+
+As an interesting fact, for many years, companies were able to patent human genes. Around 20% of the human genome was under patent by 2005. Fortunately, in 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court stopped it.
+
+#### References:
+1. Orgogozo V, Peluffo AE, Morizot B. The "Mendelian Gene" and the "Molecular Gene": Two Relevant Concepts of Genetic Units. Current Topics in Developmental Biology. 2016
+2. Noble D. "Genes and causation". Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences. 2008
+3. Johannsen W. Elemente der exakten Erblichkeitslehre [Elements of the exact theory of heredity] (in German). Jena, Germany: Gustav Fischer. 1909
+4. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P. Molecular Biology of the Cell (Fourth ed.). New York: Garland Science. 2002
diff --git a/wiki/pages/aiim.html b/wiki/pages/aiim.html
index 95b0627b5ca1ad032485230fe334673019c792a4..ede710763737ff3845a936899834204b2f9254ea 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/aiim.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/aiim.html
@@ -4,12 +4,22 @@
{% block lead %}The Compilation of all the events organised as a part of All India iGEM Meet (AIIM) in IISc Bangalore{% endblock %}
{% block page_content %}
-
-<div class="container">
+<style>
+ p {
+ text-align: justify;
+ }
+ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
+ text-align: center;
+ padding-top: 2rem;
+ padding-bottom: 2rem;}
+</style>
+<div class="container"> <div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-10">
<h1 class="text-center display-4">{{ note.metadata.title }}</h1>
<p class="text-muted text-center">By {{ note.metadata.author }} | {{ note.metadata.date }}</p>
<link href="{{ url_for('static', filename = 'blog.css') }}" rel="stylesheet">
<p class="body-text">{{ note|safe }}</p>
-</div>
+</div></div></div>
+<div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
{% endblock %}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/wiki/pages/aiim.md b/wiki/pages/aiim.md
index 1eed8082b06e7f8f49ab6d7a9d172f9d19e6acde..13912628c77cca0f3b7dfa0b7513d19c01adf0b7 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/aiim.md
+++ b/wiki/pages/aiim.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
---
title: The All India iGEM Meet
+author: Viraj Pithva
date: 15 August 2024
---
diff --git a/wiki/pages/attributions.html b/wiki/pages/attributions.html
index b5bec8ffae21be2ab0227d805425f300a914ad13..c5f6d3305975eea37001aa936052164f9093e497 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/attributions.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/attributions.html
@@ -10,7 +10,8 @@
text-align: justify;
}
</style>
-<div class="col-8">
+<div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-10">
<h1 class="text-center padding display-4">
From Genesis, Till Now
</h1>
@@ -129,7 +130,7 @@
</p>
<hr>
<div style="height: 5rem;"></div>
-</div>
+</div></div>
<!-- <div class="row mt-4">
<div class="col">
<div>
diff --git a/wiki/pages/contribution.html b/wiki/pages/contribution.html
index 047b5832f40547bed35204ca9775380c4c60d581..ec3ca8706e988ebb704d8a9dc71cb4cf3ad49061 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/contribution.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/contribution.html
@@ -5,16 +5,149 @@
{% block page_content %}
-<div class="row mt-4">
- <div class="col">
- <div class="bd-callout bd-callout-info">
- <h4>Bronze Medal Criterion #4</h4>
- <p>Make a useful contribution for future iGEM teams. Use this page to document that contribution.</p>
- <p>If you are making a contribution by adding information to an existing Part or creating a new Part, you must document your contribution on the Part's Main Page on the <a href="https://parts.igem.org/Main_Page">Registry</a> for your team to be eligible for this criteria. You can use this page to link to that part and include additional information about your contribution.</p>
- <hr>
- <p>Please see the <a href="https://competition.igem.org/judging/medals">2024 Medals Page</a> for more information.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
+<style>
+ body {
+ font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+ margin: 20px;
+ text-align: center;
+ }
+ table {
+ width: 100%;
+ max-width: 1000px;
+ margin: 0 auto;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ }
+ table, th, td {
+ border: 1px solid black;
+ }
+ th, td {
+ padding: 10px;
+ text-align: justify;
+ vertical-align: top;
+ }
+ th {
+ background-color: #f2f2f2;
+ }
+ @media (max-width: 600px) {
+ th, td {
+ font-size: 14px;
+ }
+ }
+
+ img {
+ max-height: 500rem;
+ max-width: auto;
+ display: block;
+ margin-left: auto;
+ margin-right: auto;}
+
+ figure {
+ display: table;
+ padding: 5px;
+ background-color: #fff;
+ font-size: .875em;
+
+}
+
+figure img {
+ display: block;
+ max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+figcaption {
+ display: table-caption;
+ caption-side: bottom;
+ background: #fff;
+ padding: 0 5px 5px;}
+
+</style>
+
+ <h1>Our Contributions to the iGEM Community</h1>
+ <div style="height: 4rem;"></div>
+ <p class="padding" style="text-align: justify;">
+ The real aim of the project was to set a precedent in the approach of targeting and clearing misfolded proteins using Aptamers. We used Tau as a model and phosphorylation as the label. We have a few registry parts which may be useful to future teams working with Tau or implementing any therapeutics against Tauopathies.
+ </p>
+ <table class="padding">
+ <tr>
+ <th>Registry Parts</th>
+ <th>Designers</th>
+ <th>Short Description</th>
+ <th>Type</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>BBa_K5170000</td>
+ <td>Subhanan Banerjee, Suvam Saswat Das, Avani, Anurag Sarkar, Parth Kumar</td>
+ <td>A Novel PROTAC using BBa_K5170004</td>
+ <td>Conjugate</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>BBa_K5170001</td>
+ <td>Subhanan Banerjee, Suvam Saswat Das, Avani, Anurag Sarkar, Parth Kumar</td>
+ <td>A Novel PROTAC using BBa_K5170002</td>
+ <td>Conjugate</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>BBa_K5170002</td>
+ <td>I-Ting Teng, Xiaowei Li, Hamad Ahmad Yadikar, Zhihui Yang, Long Li, Yifan Lyu, Xiaoshu Pan, Kevin K. Wang, Weihong Tan</td>
+ <td>DNA Aptamer against 231pTau</td>
+ <td>DNA</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>BBa_K5170003</td>
+ <td>I-Ting Teng, Xiaowei Li, Hamad Ahmad Yadikar, Zhihui Yang, Long Li, Yifan Lyu, Xiaoshu Pan, Kevin K. Wang, Weihong Tan</td>
+ <td>DNA Aptamer against 231pTau</td>
+ <td>DNA</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>BBa_K5170004</td>
+ <td>I-Ting Teng, Xiaowei Li, Hamad Ahmad Yadikar, Zhihui Yang, Long Li, Yifan Lyu, Xiaoshu Pan, Kevin K. Wang, Weihong Tan</td>
+ <td>DNA Aptamer against 231pTau</td>
+ <td>DNA</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>BBa_K5170005</td>
+ <td>Subhanan Banerjee, Suvam Saswat Das, Avani, Anurag Sarkar, Parth Kumar</td>
+ <td>A Novel PROTAC using BBa_K5170003</td>
+ <td>Conjugate</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>BBa_K5170006</td>
+ <td>Suvam Saswat Das</td>
+ <td>Phosphomimetic Tau compatible with pET29b vector</td>
+ <td>Protein Domain</td>
+ </tr>
+ </table>
+<div style="height: 5rem;"></div>
+
+<div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-9">
+<figure>
+ <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/contribution/1.webp" alt="alt" style="max-height: auto;
+ max-width: 75%;
+ display: block;
+ margin-left: auto;
+ margin-right: auto;">
+ <figcaption>The modified ligand linked base can joined in the 3' terminal of an Aptamer. This is a tool that can convert the activity of the aptamer into that of a PROTAC upon incorporation by Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase.</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div></div>
+<div style="height: 5rem;"></div>
+
+<div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-9">
+<figure>
+ <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/contribution/2.webp" alt="alt">
+ <figcaption>Illustration of the modified ligand linked base bound with the 3’ of the Aptamer (A-T-G-T-modified C)</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-9">
+<div style="height: 5rem;"></div>
+<figure>
+ <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/contribution/3.webp" alt="alt">
+ <figcaption>BBa_K5170006 shown in pET29b vector, highlighted in blue. It can be expressed in E. coli BL21 via this vehicle.</figcaption>
+</figure>
+</div></div>
+<div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
{% endblock %}
diff --git a/wiki/pages/engineering.html b/wiki/pages/engineering.html
index 4c76e6d0772777c378d2687d4a5d6daafda14782..bf90b0da3ecf6bd09f7196930641d46bb265f2dd 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/engineering.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/engineering.html
@@ -5,16 +5,92 @@
{% block page_content %}
-<div class="row mt-4">
- <div class="col">
- <div class="bd-callout bd-callout-info">
- <h4>Silver Medal Criterion #1</h4>
- <p>Demonstrate engineering success in a part of your project by going through at least one iteration of the engineering design cycle. This achievement should be distinct from your Contribution for Bronze.</p>
- <p>If you plan to show engineering success by creating a new Part that has been shown to work as expected, you must document your contribution on the Part's Main Page on the <a href="https://parts.igem.org/Main_Page">Registry</a> for your team to be eligible for this criteria.</p>
- <hr>
- <p>Please see the <a href="https://competition.igem.org/judging/medals">2024 Medals Page</a> for more information.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
+
+<style>
+ body {
+ background-color: #D2B48C; /* To match the background color in your image */
+ }
+ table {
+ width: 60%;
+ border-collapse: collapse;
+ margin: 20px auto; /* Center the table horizontally */
+ font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+ }
+ th, td {
+ padding: 10px;
+ border: 1px solid black; /* Add lines between cells */
+ text-align: center; /* Center-align the content */
+ }
+ th {
+ background-color: #4CAF50;
+ color: white;
+ }
+
+ p{
+ text-align: justify;
+ padding: 1rem;
+ }
+
+ h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
+ text-align: center;
+ padding: 1rem;
+ }
+</style>
+
+</head>
+<body>
+ <div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-10">
+ <h1>Engineering Cycles</h1>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Experiment: Predicting the structure of pTau with several combinations of phosphorylation sites</h2>
+ <p><strong>DESIGN</strong>: We can model a phosphorylation site (mostly Threonine or Serine, although Tyrosine also potentially phosphorylates) with a phosphomimetic amino acid (primarily Aspartic acid or Glutamic acid) which mimics the charge distribution or structure parameters. Thus, some Alzheimer’s marker phosphorylation can be incorporated into the protein by phosphomimetics to mimic the same conditions.</p>
+ <p><strong>BUILD</strong>: We selected a few sites of relevance: 231T, 198S, 199S, 205S etc and replaced with Aspartic acid.</p>
+ <p><strong>TEST</strong>: We obtained the structures using ChimeraX and AlphaFold by using energy minimisation option.</p>
+ <p><strong>LEARN</strong>: The structures are completely different from the initial intrinsically disordered. The arising hydrophobicity can be correlated to the tendency of aggregation.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Experiment: Preparation of competent BL21 DE3 E. coli cells</h2>
+ <p><strong>DESIGN</strong>: Proliferation of BL21 E. coli cells, and modifying the newly formed cells to make competent cells. Competent cells can take up plasmids and can express them.</p>
+ <p><strong>BUILD</strong>: We used chemical method of producing competent cells. The preformed BL21 cells (brought from another lab) were propagated and then subjected to buffers containing RbCl, CaCl2, PIPES, etc. to make them competent to induce plasmid and express it.</p>
+ <p><strong>TEST</strong>: Transformed plasmid, specific for expression in BL21 cells, and plated it on non-antibiotic LB agar plate. Control was setup, which involved transformation of original BL21 (from which it was propagated) with the same plasmid.</p>
+ <p><strong>LEARN</strong>: We found that the original stock of BL21 had proper growth, which approved the functionality of the plasmid. But, unfortunately there was no growth in the prepared competent cell. This might have happened due to improper methodologies or slight difference in buffer. Utmost care needs to be taken during competent cell preparation. There is also a high chance of contamination, and it involves destruction of cells.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Experiment: Transformation of Tau 441 plasmid into BL 21 DE3 E. coli.</h2>
+ <p><strong>DESIGN</strong>: Transformation of Tau/pET29b (Addgene #16316) plasmid into BL 21 E. coli using heat shock method.</p>
+ <p><strong>BUILD</strong>: We modified some aspects of a general heat-shock method of plasmid transformation. The protocol we followed can be found in the protocols section.</p>
+ <p><strong>TEST</strong>: We grew the primary culture of bacteria in Kanamycin antibody. The plasmid, which has KanR gene, expresses in Kanamycin antibody.</p>
+ <p><strong>LEARN</strong>: We saw proper growth of Bacterial culture, which meant that the bacteria successfully took up the plasmid and could express it. Afterwards we also extracted protein from it, which again proves its success.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Experiment: Expression and purification of Human Tau 441 protein.</h2>
+ <p><strong>DESIGN</strong>: After successful transformation, the bacterial culture can express the protein. The protein can be extracted and purified to obtain pure protein, free from contamination. This protein can be used further in testing and phosphorylation.</p>
+ <p><strong>BUILD</strong>: The protein could be expressed using IPTG, in E. coli bacterial culture. We modified some aspects of a general protein purification. The protocol we followed can be found in the protocols section. We could use Ni-NTA gravity column method of purification, due to availability of His tag in our construct.</p>
+ <p><strong>TEST</strong>: We ran SDS gel to obtain protein bands. We compared it to the standard protein marker. The protein, conjugated with His tag, needs to come at around 50kDa range.</p>
+ <p><strong>LEARN</strong>: We could obtain a single protein band in the eluted fraction. We did find bands in the same range in Wash fraction and slightly in flow through, which concludes that this might not be the efficient method of purification, in terms of wastage. But we are sure that this is a fairly good method, in terms of the quality of protein obtained.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Experiment: To show the presence of 231pTau and binding of aptamers to it, simultaneously.</h2>
+ <p><strong>DESIGN</strong>: Since the aptamers bind with the protein pTau, we expect a shift or smear of the protein bands when the protein incubated with the aptamer at optimal concentration is loaded on a native gel made with TBE. Thus, if we do a WB with the aptamer incubated protein, there will be an observable compared with the case of no aptamers.</p>
+ <p><strong>BUILD</strong>: We improvised the standard protocol of EMSA, instead of using autoradiography we used visualisation of the protein using the antibody conjugate (pTau rabbit monoclonal and anti-rabbit hrp-conjugated).</p>
+ <p><strong>TEST</strong>: We did Western blot with the protein incubated with the aptamers at 0.1 micromolar concentration.</p>
+ <p><strong>LEARN</strong>: We found that although the smear is evident, there is a significant background. This is because of using skimmed milk as blocking agent, which contains casein. Casein is a phosphoprotein and the pTau antibody may have some non-specific binding tendency to Casein as an Ab selected for a phosphoprotein may have non-specific binding with phosphoproteins as the phosphorylated moiety is always either of Threonine, Serine or Tyrosine.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Experiment: Using random mutagenesis in SELEX for quicker results.</h2>
+ <p><strong>DESIGN</strong>: SELEX relies on randomness, as the chances of an optimal sequence to bind with the target increases with large combinations. Thus, if the randomisation is done at a greater degree, in each round of SELEX on a partition of the eluded aptamers, the selection of Aptamers may be accomplished in exponentially lesser time. We found that the incorporation of non-conventional bases like dPTP and oxo-GTP can cause random point mutations at an incredible level of 10% after a few cycles of PCR followed by asymmetric PCR. We needed a high mutation rate due to small size of the aptamers.</p>
+ <p><strong>BUILD</strong>: Since our Aptamers were already selected for the target by 17 cycles by the original authors, we planned to perform the same with a different sample DNA. However, on analysing the aptamers, we hypothesised that high G repeats may have been responsible for a better binding to the target. dPTP causes G biased transitions.</p>
+ <p><strong>TEST</strong>: On performing the PCR, we couldn’t observe the bands of the PCR product in the gel.</p>
+ <p><strong>LEARN</strong>: The reasons could be firstly, incorporation of non-conventional bases might slow down the action of normal Taq-polymerase. Secondly, the dPTP or oxo-GTP incorporated DNA may not be a perfect helix, as these bases exist in tautomeric form.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Experiment: Click reaction of C8-Alkyne dCTP with [S, R, S]-AHPC-PEG1-Azide (VHL Ligand)</h2>
+ <p><strong>DESIGN</strong>: C8-Alkyne dCTP may undergo cycloaddition with VHL ligand, having an azide label. This product after HPLC purification can be incorporated into an aptamer by terminal transferase. The ligand can help localising the Aptamer around VHL E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to polyubiquitination of the target.</p>
+ <p><strong>BUILD</strong>: We set the protocols for accomplishing click reaction of C8-Alkyne dCTP with [S, R, S]-AHPC-PEG1-Azide (VHL Ligand). We also modelled the structure of the product.</p>
+ <p><strong>TEST</strong>: We did the calculation of the radius of gyration and other aspects of the molecule by computer simulation.</p>
+ <p><strong>LEARN</strong>: We got the radius of gyration to be 16.54652 Angstroms, which shows that the final molecule is highly coiled and thus, may have unexpected behavior.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Experiment: Testing of software of previous iGEM team and troubleshooting of several bugs and errors.</h2>
+ <p><strong>DESIGN</strong>: Run MAWS on the VQIINK part of 2mz7 pdb (residues 275-280) and get an Aptamer Sequence.</p>
+ <p><strong>BUILD</strong>: Perform the necessary improvements to the software as mentioned in the AptaLoop documentation. Create a GUI (tkinter based or web based, preferably web-based) of the software for the help of others who will use this tool. Understanding what sqm actually does, and what is exactly stored in it, along with the error messages shown by it.</p>
+ <p><strong>TEST</strong>: Run the examples, to get an idea what is happening in each module. Chopped down 2MZ7 PDB to get the said hexapeptide (VQIINK). Added H atoms wherever was missing using PyMol to get a working.</p>
+ <p><strong>LEARN</strong>: Residues more than 10 did not work. Infinite pause time error was occurring because of an os.waitpid() function. Duplicate atom warning was coming up. Understood which Aptamer sequence to work with given a whole pool is generated in output. Need to start building the part and integrate other tools, and also the GUI.</p>
+ </div></div></div><div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
+
{% endblock %}
diff --git a/wiki/pages/home.html b/wiki/pages/home.html
index 3286c1a38f427b9cedd236728c5a7fe86ef42d9f..f3b064ed5b951363fbf9ae18f64ce5e332430704 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/home.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/home.html
@@ -36,6 +36,37 @@
.carousel-caption h3 {
font-size: 5vw;
}
+
+ body {
+ font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+ margin: 0;
+ padding: 0;
+ display: flex;
+ justify-content: center;
+ align-items: center;
+ flex-direction: column;
+ min-height: 100vh;
+ background-color: #f4f4f4;
+ }
+
+ .container {
+ max-width: 900px;
+ padding: 20px;
+ background-color: white;
+ box-shadow: 0px 0px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
+ margin: 20px;
+ text-align: justify;
+ }
+
+ h1, h2 {
+ text-align: center;
+ }
+
+ @media (max-width: 768px) {
+ .container {
+ padding: 10px;
+ }
+ }
}
</style>
@@ -58,6 +89,27 @@
</div>
</div>
</div>
+<div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+
+ <div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-center"><div class="col-lg-8 text-center">
+ <div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
+ <h1 class="text-center padding">A Fine Blur: Aging or Dementia?</h1>
+ <p class="text-center padding">Dementia is a syndrome that involves deterioration of neurons and brain damage followed by cognitive breakdown, fading control in emotion and behavior. Normal aging and dementia are not easy to distinguish, bringing difficulties in accurate diagnosis.</p>
+ <div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
+ <h2 class="text-center padding">Misfolded Chaos and Toxic Tangles</h2>
+ <p class="text-center padding">The roots for dementia are the misfolding of tau proteins that result from their hyperphosphorylation under certain conditions. Misfolded tau proteins rapidly, autocatalytically aggregate to form tangles leading to neuron damage and drastic reduce in brain functionality.</p>
+ <div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
+ <h2 class="text-center padding">Dissolving the Chaos</h2>
+ <p class="text-center padding">Specific clearing of aggregated proteins without disturbing the tau monomers would alleviate the difficulties. Proteasomes are factories for scavenging unwanted proteins. Decoration of aggregated proteins with small molecules mark them for proteosomal degradation. Such a process is called ‘Targeted Protein Degradation’ (TPD).</p>
+ <div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
+ <h2 class="text-center padding">Harnessing TPD - Our Solution: AptalXero</h2>
+ <p class="text-center padding">Aptamers are artificial oligonucleotide or oligopeptide sequences that can bind to undesired aggregated proteins with very high specificity and binding affinity. We present ‘AptalXero’ that aims to use aptamers for decorating protein aggregates with small molecules like ubiquitin that can drive their fate towards degradation via the UPS System.</p>
+ <div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
+ <h2 class="text-center padding">Motivation for Model System: Alzheimer's!</h2>
+ <p class="text-center padding">There are ma ny neurodegenerative disorders that follow dementia, but Alzheimer’s disease is the most popularly known example. Statistically, Alzheimer’s disease leads the surge in dementia occurrences.</p>
+ </div></div></div>
+
+
<div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
diff --git a/wiki/pages/inclusivity.html b/wiki/pages/inclusivity.html
index 5f420a32889b5d0e51e47c92585cc0110c72fc05..e6718eb2767b0409e41adc9cf71bf309ccc1e754 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/inclusivity.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/inclusivity.html
@@ -5,47 +5,140 @@
{% block page_content %}
-<div class="row mt-4">
- <div class="col">
- <div class="bd-callout bd-callout-info">
- <h4>Silver Medal Criterion #2</h4>
- <p>Explain how you have determined your work is responsible and good for the world.</p>
- <hr>
- <p>Please see the <a href="https://competition.igem.org/judging/medals">2024 Medals Page</a> for more information.</p>
- </div>
-
- <div class="bd-callout bd-callout-info">
- <h4>Best Integrated Human Practices</h4>
- <p>How does your project affect society and how does society influence the direction of your project? How might ethical considerations and stakeholder input guide your project purpose and design and the experiments you conduct in the lab? How does this feedback enter into the process of your work all through the iGEM competition? Document a thoughtful and creative approach to exploring these questions and how your project evolved in the process to compete for this award!</p>
- <p>To compete for the Best Integrated Human Practices prize, select the prize on the <a href="https://competition.igem.org/deliverables/judging-form">judging form</a> and describe your work on this page.</p>
- <hr>
- <p>Please see the <a href="https://competition.igem.org/judging/awards">2024 Awards Page</a> for more information.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="row mt-4">
- <div class="col-lg-8">
- <h2>Overview</h2>
- <hr>
- <p>At iGEM we believe societal considerations should be upfront and integrated throughout the design and execution of synthetic biology projects. “Human Practices†refers to iGEM teams' efforts to actively consider how the world affects their work and their work affects the world. Through your Human Practices activities, your team should demonstrate how you have thought carefully and creatively about whether your project is responsible and good for the world. We invite you to explore issues relating (but not limited) to the ethics, safety, security, and sustainability of your project, and to show how this exploration feeds back into your project purpose, design, and execution.</p>
- <p>Please note you can compete for the Silver Medal criterion #2 and the Best Integrated Human Practices prize with this page.</p>
- <p>For more information, please see the <a href="https://responsibility.igem.org/human-practices/what-is-human-practices">Human Practices Hub</a>.</p>
- <p>On this page, your team should document all of your Human Practices work and activities. You should write about the Human Practices topics you considered in your project, document any activities you conducted to explore these topics (such as engaging with experts and stakeholders), describe why you took a particular approach (including referencing any work you built upon), and explain if and how you integrated takeaways from your Human Practices work back into your project purpose, design and/or execution.</p>
- </div>
- <div class="col-lg-4">
- <h2>Inspirations</h2>
- <hr>
- <ul>
- <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Thessaly/Human_Practices">2019 Thessaly</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:Linkoping_Sweden/Human_Practices">2019 Linkoping Sweden</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://2019.igem.org/Team:FDR-HB_Peru/Human_Practices">2019 FDR HB Peru</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://2020.igem.org/Team:William_and_Mary/Human_Practices">2020 William and Mary</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://2020.igem.org/Team:Rochester/Human_Practices">2020 Rochester</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://2020.igem.org/Team:Leiden/Human_Practices">2020 Leiden</a></li>
- <li><a href="https://2020.igem.org/Team:Baltimore_BioCrew/Human_Practices">2020 Baltimore BioCrew</a></li>
- </ul>
- </div>
-</div>
+
+ <style>
+ h1 {
+ text-align: center;
+ padding-top: 2rem;
+ padding-bottom: 2rem;
+ }
+
+ h2 {
+ padding-top: 1rem;
+ padding-bottom: 1rem;
+ text-align: center;
+ }
+
+ @media (max-width: 768px) {
+ .container {
+ padding: 10px;
+ }
+ }
+
+ p {
+ text-align: justify;
+ }
+ </style>
+
+ <div class="container"><div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-10">
+ <h1>Inclusivity</h1>
+
+ <p>Fields in STEM and Synthetic Biology are rapidly expanding, with more and more people contributing to active research. At this stage, it becomes important evaluate whether we have equal representation from all sections of society.</p>
+
+ <h2>Our Inclusive Team</h2>
+ <p>Starting at the personal level, we evaluated the diversity in representation within our team. Avani, Manya, Anushka and Asmita represent the active female members of our team, and have contributed in various capacities - from holding important positions - Avani being the Wet Lab Coordinator and Anushka handling web development and design - to all four of them playing a key role in Wet Lab research. Their invaluable contributions are detailed in the Attributions section.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <p>Our team also represents diversity in having members from all parts of the country. Subhanan, Shouvik, Arjun and several others hail from West Bengal and Aishik from Tripura in Eastern India, Suvam from Odisha in the south east, Parth and Avani from Northern India, Anushka from Central India and Anurag, Manya, Geeth and Harish from South India, among many more. Our team being very vast was successful in accommodating all cultures and communities and all of them had an equal say in the work without any distinction whatsoever.</p>
+
+ <p>Towards the end of our project, we received significant assistance from the junior batch (the future iGEMers of IISc), and they, too, presented a diverse crowd.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Surveys on Inclusivity</h2>
+ <p>Our regular surveys included questions related to inclusivity and accessibility in research in STEM and SynBio. We posed these questions to people through online surveys as well as those on the streets of Bangalore.</p>
+ <div style="height: 2rem;"></div>
+ <h3>Questions:</h3>
+ <ol>
+ <li>Do you feel that women are under-represented in STEM fields and research?</li>
+ <li>Do you feel that minority communities are under-represented in STEM fields and research?</li>
+ <li>Do you feel that it is our societal obligation to be inclusive?</li>
+ <li>What do you think are the barriers to inclusivity?</li>
+ <li>In your experience, has inclusivity increased or decreased over time?</li>
+ <li>What measures can we take to improve inclusivity and accessibility in these areas?</li>
+ </ol>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <h3>Some Interesting Answers:</h3>
+ <p>“Inclusivity isn’t there in a lot of fields in India. We can improve the situation by not being biased and giving equal opportunities to these sections of society.â€</p>
+ <p>“We should have campaigns to spread awareness, especially in places like villages.â€</p>
+ <p>“Isn’t inclusivity already there since there is now a women’s quota at the IITs?â€</p>
+ <p>“I'm doing a PhD in Chemistry, and all my colleagues are women - so I feel we are inclusive enough.â€</p>
+ <p>“What's needed is for us to increase awareness in rural areas. Because there, what most families want is to marry off their daughters and for them to lead domestic lives.â€</p>
+ <p>“In India, there is no inclusivity for a lot of things. Inclusivity is seen only in very few fields. So yes, we do think it’s required.â€</p>
+ <p>“Yeah, probably by not being biased and giving more opportunities to those sections of society.â€</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Women in STEM: A Fireside Chat</h2>
+ <p>As part of the All India iGEM Meet, Avani and Manya from our team conducted a fireside chat with Prof. Sanhita Sinharay from the Department of Bioengineering, IISc, and Prof. Attreyee Ghosh from the Centre for Earth Sciences, IISc.</p>
+
+ <p>Avani and Manya were curious to know about the inspiration the panelists had had to pursue a career in their fields, and who their role models and mentors had been. Dr. Attreyee recounted her time in high school and how Sudipta Sengupta – the first Indian woman to travel to Antarctica – was a huge inspiration to her, whereas Dr. Sanhitha always had an appetite for knowledge and explored various fields throughout her career - moving from Chemistry to Biology. She had various role models in her life, each prominent during a different stage of her life.</p>
+
+ <p>Avani and Manya further asked if the panelists could reason out why among STEM fields, a lot of women choose to go into life sciences as compared to other areas. Neither of them had a definitive answer and raised some possibilities as to why this may be. The next question tried to address the importance of cultural background shaping and influencing one as a person. Both agreed that their supportive families and academically driven environments helped them nurture their worldviews and encouraged them to pursue a career in science. Consequently, science made them think logically and brought more discipline into their life.</p>
+
+ <p>Finally, Avani and Manya asked for the panelists' views on the significance of science communication, to which they said that they enjoy giving talks to younger students and are always happy to see them getting inspired. The chat was concluded after taking more questions from the audience.</p>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <h2>Analysis:</h2>
+ <p>Inclusivity in STEM and Synthetic Biology fields in India faces several barriers, often related to cultural, socioeconomic, and systemic factors. Addressing these barriers requires a multifaceted approach. Here are some key challenges and suggestions for overcoming them:</p>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <h3>1. Gender Bias</h3>
+ <p><strong>Barriers:</strong> Gender bias is prevalent in STEM fields globally, and in India, societal expectations often deter women from pursuing careers in research. Gender stereotypes, lack of female role models, and workplace discrimination contribute to underrepresentation.</p>
+ <p><strong>Suggestions:</strong></p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><strong>Mentorship Programs:</strong> Establish networks that connect women researchers with mentors to provide guidance, support, and professional development.</li>
+ <li><strong>Flexible Work Policies:</strong> Promote family-friendly policies like maternity leave, child care support, and flexible working hours to help women balance family and work.</li>
+ <li><strong>Address Stereotypes:</strong> Encourage early education initiatives that challenge traditional gender roles, and promote girls' participation in STEM through scholarships, competitions, and awareness campaigns.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <h3>2. Socioeconomic Barriers</h3>
+ <p><strong>Barriers:</strong> Research often requires access to resources, such as laboratories, advanced tools, and education. Individuals from marginalized communities may not have access to these resources due to financial limitations.</p>
+ <p><strong>Suggestions:</strong></p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><strong>Scholarships and Grants:</strong> Increase financial support for students from economically weaker sections, particularly for higher education and research positions.</li>
+ <li><strong>Public Research Labs:</strong> Provide open access to government-funded labs and resources for researchers from underprivileged backgrounds, or offer subsidized programs to reduce entry barriers.</li>
+ <li><strong>Skill Development:</strong> Offer programs aimed at enhancing technical and research skills for students in rural and underdeveloped areas.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <h3>3. Language Barriers</h3>
+ <p><strong>Barriers:</strong> English is often the primary language of instruction and research publication in India, but many students, especially from non-urban areas, may not have strong English proficiency, limiting their participation in research.</p>
+ <p><strong>Suggestions:</strong></p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><strong>Multilingual Education:</strong> Develop educational materials and conduct training in regional languages, alongside English, to make research fields more accessible.</li>
+ <li><strong>Translational Research:</strong> Promote translation of important research papers and resources into local languages to foster inclusivity.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <h3>4. Lack of Interdisciplinary Exposure</h3>
+ <p><strong>Barriers:</strong> Many students in India are confined to traditional streams of education without much exposure to interdisciplinary fields like Synthetic Biology, which combines biology, engineering, and computational science.</p>
+ <p><strong>Suggestions:</strong></p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><strong>Interdisciplinary Curriculum:</strong> Encourage the inclusion of interdisciplinary courses in universities that merge different STEM fields, providing broader exposure and sparking interest in emerging areas like SynBio.</li>
+ <li><strong>Workshops and Seminars:</strong> Organize collaborative events between different departments to promote interdisciplinary learning and break down barriers between specialized fields.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <h3>5. Representation of Marginalized Communities</h3>
+ <p><strong>Barriers:</strong> Marginalized communities (based on caste, religion, etc.) are underrepresented in research due to historical inequalities, which limits diversity in ideas and perspectives.</p>
+ <p><strong>Suggestions:</strong></p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><strong>Affirmative Action:</strong> Continue and enhance reservation policies in higher education and research institutions for marginalized communities, ensuring equitable representation.</li>
+ <li><strong>Cultural Sensitization:</strong> Foster an inclusive environment by promoting cultural awareness and anti-discrimination training in research institutions.</li>
+ <li><strong>Outreach Programs:</strong> Initiate outreach programs targeting marginalized communities to raise awareness about research opportunities and provide guidance on career paths in STEM and SynBio.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <h3>6. Lack of Awareness and Role Models</h3>
+ <p><strong>Barriers:</strong> A lack of visible role models from underrepresented groups in research fields limits aspirations for young students. This is especially true in emerging fields like SynBio, where awareness of career paths is low.</p>
+ <p><strong>Suggestions:</strong></p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><strong>Highlight Role Models:</strong> Showcase successful scientists from diverse backgrounds, particularly women and individuals from marginalized communities, to inspire students.</li>
+ <li><strong>Public Engagement:</strong> Promote STEM and SynBio career paths through public outreach programs, science festivals, and social media campaigns to increase visibility of these fields.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <h3>7. Institutional Barriers and Research Opportunities</h3>
+ <p><strong>Barriers:</strong> Research opportunities are often concentrated in urban institutions, with rural and tier-2/3 cities lacking access to cutting-edge research infrastructure.</p>
+ <p><strong>Suggestions:</strong></p>
+ <ul>
+ <li><strong>Decentralize Research Funding:</strong> Allocate funding to institutions in smaller cities and rural areas to create opportunities for students from these regions to participate in research.</li>
+ <li><strong>Collaboration with Industry:</strong> Encourage partnerships between universities and industries to provide internships, training programs, and job opportunities to students across a wide geographic area.</li>
+ </ul>
+ <div style="height: 1rem;"></div>
+ <p>By addressing these barriers through policy changes, awareness campaigns, and educational reforms, the inclusivity of STEM and SynBio fields in India can be significantly improved. These efforts would ensure that a diverse group of talented individuals contribute to scientific advancements, making the research community more dynamic and innovative.</p>
+ </div></div></div>
+<div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
+
{% endblock %}
diff --git a/wiki/pages/notebook.html b/wiki/pages/notebook.html
index 702eba95e63bc2655371bd0cdc96c7443754f670..57bf9e607a79a3fe13f05e6ca1d111282815cb37 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/notebook.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/notebook.html
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
<button class="toggle-btn" onclick="showPDF('https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/protein-expression.pdf')">Protein Expression</button>
<button class="toggle-btn" onclick="showPDF('https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/protein-purification-and-verification.pdf')">Protein Purification and Verification</button>
<button class="toggle-btn" onclick="showPDF('https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/phosphorylation.pdf')">Phosphorylation</button>
-<button class="toggle-btn" onclick="showPDF('https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/click-reaction-and-binding-of-aptamers.pdf')">Click Reaction and binding of Aptamers</button>
+<button class="toggle-btn" onclick="showPDF('https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/clickfinal.pdf')">Click Reaction and binding of Aptamers</button>
<button class="toggle-btn" onclick="showPDF('https://static.igem.wiki/teams/5170/asymmetricpcr.pdf')">Asymmetric PCR</button>
</div>
<div id="pdf-container">
diff --git a/wiki/pages/partcollection.html b/wiki/pages/partcollection.html
index 40d9adb6d5e2571a35c43df70ae11a607b232ad6..29a73c366f781bdbc9edbf230b31f42e61919bfe 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/partcollection.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/partcollection.html
@@ -31,4 +31,20 @@
</div>
</div> -->
+<div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-10">
+ <h2 class="padding"> The following parts were collected as a part of our iGEM Journey:</h2>
+ <div style="height: 3rem;"></div>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170000">https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170000</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170001">https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170001</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170002">https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170002</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170003">https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170003</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170004">https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170004</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170005">https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170005</a></li>
+ <li><a href="https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170006">https://parts.igem.org/Part:BBa_K5170006</a></li>
+ </ol>
+ </div>
+</div>
+<div style="height: 10rem;"></div>
{% endblock %}
diff --git a/wiki/pages/safety.html b/wiki/pages/safety.html
index 47b52cdca366acb56cf30abc683e621ecd8c73c8..4c6d712478113815aa9eee7a0f791776543c2caa 100644
--- a/wiki/pages/safety.html
+++ b/wiki/pages/safety.html
@@ -5,46 +5,23 @@
{% block page_content %}
-<div class="row mt-4">
- <div class="col">
- <div class="bd-callout bd-callout-info">
- <h4>Safety and Security Award</h4>
- <p>Synthetic biology will need to be used safely and securely if local people are to solve local problems all around the world. The Safety and Security Committee is challenging teams to apply biological engineering approaches to manage risks associated with synthetic biology. Can you take the next step in incremental progress towards knowledge, understanding, and tools that will make the use of synthetic biology safer and more secure?</p>
- <p>To compete for the Safety and Security award, please describe your work on this page and also fill out the description on the <a href="https://competition.igem.org/deliverables/judging-form">judging form</a>.</p>
- <hr>
- <p>Please see the <a href="https://competition.igem.org/judging/awards">2024 Awards Page</a> for more information.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="row mt-4">
- <div class="col">
- <h2>What should this page contain?</h2>
- <hr>
- <p>On this page of your wiki, you should write about how you are addressing any safety issues in your project. The wiki is a place where you can go beyond the questions on the safety forms, and write about whatever safety topics are most interesting in your project. (You do not need to copy your safety forms onto this wiki page.)</p>
- <div class="bd-callout bd-callout-info">
- <p>Please visit the <a href="https://responsibility.igem.org/safety-policies/introduction">Safety Policies page</a> to find this year's safety requirements & deadlines, and to learn about safe & responsible research in iGEM.</p>
- </div>
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<div class="row mt-4">
- <div class="col-lg-8">
- <h2>Safe Project Design</h2>
- <hr>
- <p>Does your project include any safety features? Have you made certain decisions about the design to reduce risks? Write about them here! For example:</p>
- <ul>
- <li>Choosing a non-pathogenic chassis</li>
- <li>Choosing parts that will not harm humans / animals / plants</li>
- <li>Substituting safer materials for dangerous materials in a proof-of-concept experiment</li>
- <li>Including an "induced lethality" or "kill-switch" device</li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- <div class="col-lg-4">
- <h2>Safe Lab Work</h2>
- <hr>
- <p>What safety procedures do you use every day in the lab? Did you perform any unusual experiments, or face any unusual safety issues? Write about them here!</p>
- </div>
-</div>
+<style>
+ p {
+ text-align: justify;
+ }
+</style>
+<div class="row justify-content-center">
+ <div class="col-lg-10">
+ <h1 class="padding text-center">Lab Safety precautions taken during our work:</h1>
+ <p class="padding">Wet lab experiments are the heart of our project. Every theoretical thought of our ideation required rigorous experimentation in the lab. And bio labs are not children’s play arena, it is full of hazardous chemicals, toxins and biohazard. While working in a lab, it is very essential to keep ourselves and the lab safe. Keeping this in mind, way before starting our work, we had a special meeting with our lab instructors, who explained proper lab etiquettes that are to be followed while working in the lab.</p>
+ <p class="padding">Personal safety is very important in labs. Before execution of any experiment, we were never frustrated of wearing gloves, labcoats, covered shoes, and always kept safety as a priority, and made best efforts in avoiding any possible mishap. Food, drinks and any other edible substance was strictly prohibited inside the lab. This was to ensure there is no contamination and no one eats anything without cleaning their hands properly. Before leaving the lab, everyone ensured that they have cleaned their hands as well as the workbenches. This was done to prevent contamination and have a safe working and living condition. </p>
+ <p class="padding">Utilization of chemical substances was done with maximum awareness and mindfulness. Protein purification, analytical techniques like SDS-PAGE and Gel Electrophoresis were performed on a very frequent basis implying frequent handling of potentially toxic substances that include Beta-mercaptoethanol (BME), Ammonium Persulphate (APS), Acrylamide and its associated polymerization catalyst Tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED), well known carcinogen Ethidium Bromide and the list continues to go on. Special care was taken in handling these chemicals, and any type of spillage was avoided to overcome contamination.</p>
+ <p class="padding">Another pivotal component of our project involved Click chemistry for clicking AHPC-PEG1-Azide with C8-alkyne-dCTP that would be incorporated into our Aptamers. It was indeed fun to work with chemical and biological aspects hand in hand, but came with costs of its own risks. A glance at the MSDS before ordering any reagent was never missed out. We made our efforts in ordering limited to moderate quantity of chemicals through meticulous planning and conduct in experiments. All the products purchased had their MSDS and Analysis details handy. We did deposit a copy of them to our lab, for their records and overall safety of all the users of the lab.</p>
+ <p class="padding">Our lab is complaint with both BSL1 and BSL2. For our work we needed only BSL 1 level safety, the laminar air flow hood. All the experiments and parts which required bacteria or needed to be contamination free environment, were done inside the hood. The hood was also kept clean and organised. We used to clean it using ethanol, from time to time. About the contamination-free environment concerned, it is fumigated once a year by the lab instructors.</p>
+ <p class="padding">Storage was also an essential part of our work. As we had to purchase a lot of reagents and chemicals, we had to store them properly, separate from the regular lab reagents. This was done to avoid misplacing and mishandling of any chemical. We also kept the MSDS along with it, for everyone’s use. We had separate cabinets for storing our products. Even in the refrigerators (4˚C, -20˚C and -80˚C), we ensured that all our stuffs are separately kept, properly marked and are not misplaced with lab’s regular reagents and kits. Plastic cabinets were used for storing strong acids and corrosive materials, owing to their corrosion resistance.</p>
+ <p class="padding">Proper waste disposal is one of the important aspects of safety. We might not contaminate the workbench, but we still have the potential to contaminate the lab, if we do not dispose wastes properly. Plastics had to be separated from paper. Nitrile gloves were separately dumped. Wastes which had traces of any toxic chemical was disposed off separately. Tips, gloves, tissues, etc. used during gel electrophoresis, and the gel was disposed separately. Apart from maintaining safe environment, it also helped in proper and efficient waste disposal. Bacterial cultures were autoclaved and then treated with bleach before disposing them off. Flasks which </p>
+ <p class="padding">Our lab in-charges and lab attenders never failed to clean waste disposal and appropriately deposit them at the waste collection shed and never allowed accumulation of wastes inside the lab. The institute mandates strict waste management policies and proper disposal and segregation of wastes. For our share, we tried our best to not keep any mystery chemical – by leaving them unlabelled. All ordered reagents were stored properly in appropriate assigned cabinets. Upon needs, we had stored some acids and other potentially corrosive materials under fume-hoods. Lab safety principles laid by Office of Laboratory Safety and Environmental Health (OLSEH), IISc were always respected and followed. In a nutshell, all laboratory processes were carried out with utmost responsibility and professional attitude towards laboratory safety, both biological and chemical. We are also thankful to our Lab instructor, in-carges and especially the lab attender, for guiding us as well as helping us keep the lab clean and safe for every user.</p>
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index 19bc257365e7c418458ae389176fad8259139b99..e03d1bf077454c5b27e2189631711da9cb93e74c 100644
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<li>Mukta Khanolkar</li>
<li>Jashandeep Thind</li>
<li>Abhay Mahata</li>
+ <li>Krishna Bhikadiya</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-3">