From 936ac818ff96d497c99b88136e6050014ea671d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Liliana Sanfilippo <lsanfilippo@techfak.uni-bielefeld.de>
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 2024 16:34:53 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] q18
---
src/contents/description.tsx | 10 +++++-----
1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)
diff --git a/src/contents/description.tsx b/src/contents/description.tsx
index f48c7db..c62df74 100644
--- a/src/contents/description.tsx
+++ b/src/contents/description.tsx
@@ -88,15 +88,15 @@ export function Description() {
<p>Although there is currently no cure for CF, patients must manage the disease throughout their lives, relying on treatments that alleviate symptoms but do not address the root cause. This lifelong management imposes significant financial burdens on affected families and healthcare systems, particularly in regions with a high prevalence of CF <SupScrollLink label="11"/>{/*ehem15*/} . In recent years, <b>CFTR modulators</b>, which target the underlying genetic defect, have offered new hope for many patients. </p>
</Subesction>
<Subesction title="The CFTR Protein" id="Cystic Fibrosis2">
- <p>The CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) protein is an ion channel that facilitates the movement of chloride ions across epithelial cell membranes<SupScrollLink label="18"/> . This movement is essential for controlling the flow of water in tissues such as the lungs and intestines <SupScrollLink label="19"/> . This increase in ion concentration in the extracellular space draws water out of the cells and into the surrounding mucus or fluid, ensuring it stays thin and mobile <SupScrollLink label="20"/> .</p>
- <p>The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein is a specialized protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ions and water on the surface of certain cells, particularly in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs <SupScrollLink label="18"/> <SupScrollLink label="21"/> . </p>
+ <p>The CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator) protein is an ion channel that facilitates the movement of chloride ions across epithelial cell membranes<SupScrollLink label="12"/>{/*ehem18*/} . This movement is essential for controlling the flow of water in tissues such as the lungs and intestines <SupScrollLink label="19"/> . This increase in ion concentration in the extracellular space draws water out of the cells and into the surrounding mucus or fluid, ensuring it stays thin and mobile <SupScrollLink label="20"/> .</p>
+ <p>The Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein is a specialized protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ions and water on the surface of certain cells, particularly in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs <SupScrollLink label="12"/>{/*ehem18*/} <SupScrollLink label="21"/> . </p>
<H4 text="Structure of CFTR" id="structure-cftr" />
- <p>CFTR is a large protein embedded in the cell membrane. It belongs to a family of proteins known as ABC transporters (ATP-Binding Cassette transporters), which typically move molecules across cell membranes. CFTR, however, is unique because it functions as an ion channel rather than a transporter <SupScrollLink label="18"/> . </p>
+ <p>CFTR is a large protein embedded in the cell membrane. It belongs to a family of proteins known as ABC transporters (ATP-Binding Cassette transporters), which typically move molecules across cell membranes. CFTR, however, is unique because it functions as an ion channel rather than a transporter <SupScrollLink label="12"/>{/*ehem18*/} . </p>
<p>The protein consists of several important regions: </p>
<ul>
<li><b>Two transmembrane domains (TMDs)</b>: These span the cell membrane and create the channel through which ions can flow <SupScrollLink label="20"/> .</li>
<li><b>Two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs)</b>: Located on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, these domains bind and hydrolyze ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP binding and hydrolysis regulate the opening and closing of the chloride channel<SupScrollLink label="21"/> .</li>
- <li><b>Regulatory (R) domain</b>: This domain is unique to CFTR and controls the activity of the protein. It requires phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) to activate the ion channel <SupScrollLink label="18"/> <SupScrollLink label="19"/> .</li>
+ <li><b>Regulatory (R) domain</b>: This domain is unique to CFTR and controls the activity of the protein. It requires phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) to activate the ion channel <SupScrollLink label="12"/>{/*ehem18*/} <SupScrollLink label="19"/> .</li>
</ul>
<div className="row align-items-center">
<div className="col">
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ export function Description() {
<p>CFTR functions primarily as a chloride ion channel. It is responsible for transporting chloride ions (Clâ») across epithelial cell membranes<SupScrollLink label="20"/> . Here's how it works:</p>
<ol>
<li><b>Regulation by phosphorylation</b>: The R domain must first be phosphorylated by PKA to allow channel activation. This phosphorylation is often triggered by cyclic AMP (cAMP), a signaling molecule <SupScrollLink label="21"/> .</li>
- <li><b>Opening the channel</b>: Once the R domain is phosphorylated, ATP binds to the NBDs, causing conformational changes that open the chloride channel <SupScrollLink label="18"/> .</li>
+ <li><b>Opening the channel</b>: Once the R domain is phosphorylated, ATP binds to the NBDs, causing conformational changes that open the chloride channel <SupScrollLink label="12"/>{/*ehem18*/} .</li>
<li><b>Chloride transport</b>: With the channel open, chloride ions move from inside the cell to the outside. This movement of chloride helps draw water out of the cell, thinning mucus and maintaining proper hydration of the epithelial surfaces <SupScrollLink label="19"/> <SupScrollLink label="20"/> .</li>
<li><b>Closing the channel</b>: Hydrolysis of ATP causes the channel to close after a certain period, tightly regulating chloride transport.</li>
</ol>
--
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