diff --git a/static/style.css b/static/style.css index 19617e001a75095ba2a33da32842f9a16ce2b01c..29909fe4f5b84b832cf1ad8e9f0beddaf2efa4ef 100644 --- a/static/style.css +++ b/static/style.css @@ -406,6 +406,229 @@ b { color: white; } +/* Timeline */ + +.timeline { + list-style: none; + padding: 10px 0; + position: relative; + font-weight: 300; +} + +.timeline:before { + top: 0; + bottom: 0; + position: absolute; + content: " "; + width: 2px; + background: #ffffff; + left: 50%; + margin-left: -1.5px; +} + +.timeline>li { + margin-bottom: 20px; + position: relative; + width: 50%; + float: left; + clear: left; +} + +.timeline>li:before, +.timeline>li:after { + content: " "; + display: table; +} + +.timeline>li:after { + clear: both; +} + +.timeline>li:before, +.timeline>li:after { + content: " "; + display: table; +} + +.timeline>li:after { + clear: both; +} + +.timeline>li>.timeline-panel { + width: calc(100% - 25px); + width: -moz-calc(100% - 25px); + width: -webkit-calc(100% - 25px); + float: left; + border: 1px solid #dcdcdc; + background: #ffffff; + position: relative; +} + +.timeline>li>.timeline-panel:before { + position: absolute; + top: 26px; + right: -15px; + display: inline-block; + border-top: 15px solid transparent; + border-left: 15px solid #dcdcdc; + border-right: 0 solid #dcdcdc; + border-bottom: 15px solid transparent; + content: " "; +} + +.timeline>li>.timeline-panel:after { + position: absolute; + top: 27px; + right: -14px; + display: inline-block; + border-top: 14px solid transparent; + border-left: 14px solid #ffffff; + border-right: 0 solid #ffffff; + border-bottom: 14px solid transparent; + content: " "; +} + +.timeline>li>.timeline-badge { + color: #ffffff; + width: 24px; + height: 24px; + line-height: 50px; + text-align: center; + position: absolute; + top: 16px; + right: -12px; + z-index: 100; +} + +.timeline>li.timeline-inverted>.timeline-panel { + float: right; +} + +.timeline>li.timeline-inverted>.timeline-panel:before { + border-left-width: 0; + border-right-width: 15px; + left: -15px; + right: auto; +} + +.timeline>li.timeline-inverted>.timeline-panel:after { + border-left-width: 0; + border-right-width: 14px; + left: -14px; + right: auto; +} + +.timeline-badge>a { + color: #ffffff !important; +} + +.timeline-badge a:hover { + color: #dcdcdc !important; +} + +.timeline-title { + margin-top: 0; + color: inherit; +} + +.timeline-heading h4 { + font-weight: 400; + padding: 0 15px; + color: #4679bd; +} + +.timeline-body>p, +.timeline-body>ul { + padding: 10px 15px; + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.timeline-footer { + padding: 5px 15px; + background-color: #f4f4f4; +} + +.timeline-footer p { + margin-bottom: 0; +} + +.timeline-footer>a { + cursor: pointer; + text-decoration: none; +} + +.timeline>li.timeline-inverted { + float: right; + clear: right; +} + +.timeline>li:nth-child(2) { + margin-top: 60px; +} + +.timeline>li.timeline-inverted>.timeline-badge { + left: -12px; +} + +.no-float { + float: none !important; +} + +@media (max-width: 767px) { + ul.timeline:before { + left: 40px; + } + + ul.timeline>li { + margin-bottom: 0px; + position: relative; + width: 100%; + float: left; + clear: left; + } + + ul.timeline>li>.timeline-panel { + width: calc(100% - 65px); + width: -moz-calc(100% - 65px); + width: -webkit-calc(100% - 65px); + } + + ul.timeline>li>.timeline-badge { + left: 28px; + margin-left: 0; + top: 16px; + } + + ul.timeline>li>.timeline-panel { + float: right; + } + + ul.timeline>li>.timeline-panel:before { + border-left-width: 0; + border-right-width: 15px; + left: -15px; + right: auto; + } + + ul.timeline>li>.timeline-panel:after { + border-left-width: 0; + border-right-width: 14px; + left: -14px; + right: auto; + } + + .timeline>li.timeline-inverted { + float: left; + clear: left; + margin-top: 30px; + margin-bottom: 30px; + } + + .timeline>li.timeline-inverted>.timeline-badge { + left: 28px; + } +} + /* --------------------------------------------------------------------------- */ /* Teams page */ diff --git a/wiki/pages/human-practices.html b/wiki/pages/human-practices.html index 57a64785b30d15d9d2333c003f6b2223dc35365c..c98153706460b3d7ef5ebf9ecacf1d15ccd1bc8a 100644 --- a/wiki/pages/human-practices.html +++ b/wiki/pages/human-practices.html @@ -647,59 +647,303 @@ </div> - <div class="row"> - <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/human-practices/ihp-timeline.png" alt="IHP Timeline"> - </div> + <ul class="timeline"> + <li data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-1"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Mr. Kaushik Alike</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Outreach</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">November 2021</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li class="timeline-inverted" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-2"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle invert" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. Ramesh Sistala</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Company</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">April 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-3"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. Nithin M.S.</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Academia</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">May 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li class="timeline-inverted" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-4"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle invert" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Mr. M Madan</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Academia</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">May 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-5"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. Seetha Krishnan</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Company</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">May 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li class="timeline-inverted" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-6"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle invert" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. Mamatha Ballal</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Doctor</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">June 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-7"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. Ramesh Sistala</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Company</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">June 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li class="timeline-inverted" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-8"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle invert" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Doctor</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">July 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-9"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. M Shashi Shekar</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Academia</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">July 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li class="timeline-inverted" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-10"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle invert" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>ICAR-CIBA Team</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Academia</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">August 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-11"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. Manickam G</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Company</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">August 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li class="timeline-inverted" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-12"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle invert" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Reiss Jones</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Entrepreneur</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">August 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-13"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Ronald Kevin D’Souza</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Outreach</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">August 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li class="timeline-inverted" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-14"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle invert" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Miroslav Gasparek</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Entrepreneur</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">September 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-15"> + <div class="timeline-badge"> + <a><i class="fa fa-circle" id=""></i></a> + </div> + <div class="timeline-panel"> + <div class="timeline-heading"> + <h1>Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar</h1> + </div> + <div class="timeline-body"> + <p>Company</p> + </div> + <div class="timeline-footer"> + <p class="text-right">September 2022</p> + </div> + </div> + </li> + + <li class="clearfix no-float"></li> + </ul> - <br> - <hr> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Click on the tabs below for more details</p> <!-- Person-1 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-1"> - Mr. Kaushik Alike - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-1" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-1Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-1Label">Mr. Kaushik Alike</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Mr. Kaushik Alike, Owner of Canares Aquaculture LPP located in - Holanagadde, Kumta, Karnataka, - India.</p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We contacted Kaushik Alike on 21st November 2021. He is one of the founders - of - Canares Aquaculture. He spoke to us about various topics, including parasites, viruses, feed and - water purification. He was the one who mentioned <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and Oxytetracycline to - us. An important concern he brought up was the increasing threat to the microbial flora of the - water - bodies. He also discussed the several strategies used to distribute feed and raise fish.</p> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - Through this interaction, we started looking into the <i>Vibrio</i> species and discovered their - impact. Furthermore, we observed that the usage of antibiotics was not lost in aquaculture - systems. Via our literature survey and speaking to Mr. Kaushik, we found that antibiotic - resistance - was an alarming concern that requires immediate attention. His statement was why we picked our - problem - statement, and it paved the way for our project’s development. - </p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-1" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-1Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-1Label">Mr. Kaushik Alike</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Mr. Kaushik Alike, Owner of Canares Aquaculture LPP located in + Holanagadde, Kumta, Karnataka, + India.</p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We contacted Kaushik Alike on 21st November 2021. He is one of the founders + of + Canares Aquaculture. He spoke to us about various topics, including parasites, viruses, feed and + water purification. He was the one who mentioned <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> and Oxytetracycline to + us. An important concern he brought up was the increasing threat to the microbial flora of the + water + bodies. He also discussed the several strategies used to distribute feed and raise fish.</p> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + Through this interaction, we started looking into the <i>Vibrio</i> species and discovered their + impact. Furthermore, we observed that the usage of antibiotics was not lost in aquaculture + systems. Via our literature survey and speaking to Mr. Kaushik, we found that antibiotic + resistance + was an alarming concern that requires immediate attention. His statement was why we picked our + problem + statement, and it paved the way for our project’s development. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -707,63 +951,55 @@ </div> <!-- Person-2 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-2"> - Dr. Ramesh Sistala - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-2" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-2Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-2Label">Dr. Ramesh Sistala</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-ramesh-sistala-portrait.jpg"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. Ramesh Sistala, Founder and Managing Director at thinkMolecular - Technologies Pvt. Ltd., - Bangalore, India.</p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We approached Dr. Ramesh Sistala on 13th April 2022 during the initial stages - of - our project to receive help on the dry lab facet of our project. He gave us some ground rules for - finding a template to use for our protein study. Initially, he recommended we use BLAST for the - available information in databases, and find homologous protein structures. Based on his - suggestions, we built a homology model, and utilised Alphafold for structure prediction. - Furthermore, he suggested exploring the available peptide libraries to comprehend the protein and - the interaction between MAM7 and Fibronectin. Finally, he asked us to make sure that the - hypothesis - we produce is functional by carrying out a trial run. - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-ramesh-sistala-april.jpeg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Ramesh Sistala (Meeting 1)"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. Ramesh Sistala (Meeting 1) - </figcaption> - </figure> - <i></i> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - The ideas and suggestions he provided laid the foundation for our Dry Lab work. He was crucial in - helping us find the most appropriate template to work with. We explored the two possibilities he - mentioned about generating our desired sequence. Otherwise, there was another possibility where we - could find an average sequence by using Alphafold for MAM7 and then utilising it to generate the - fibronectin structure. Based on that, we decided to run the molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of - MAM7, and MAM7 with fibronectin.</p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-2" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-2Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-2Label">Dr. Ramesh Sistala</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-ramesh-sistala-portrait.jpg"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. Ramesh Sistala, Founder and Managing Director at thinkMolecular + Technologies Pvt. Ltd., + Bangalore, India.</p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We approached Dr. Ramesh Sistala on 13th April 2022 during the initial stages + of + our project to receive help on the dry lab facet of our project. He gave us some ground rules for + finding a template to use for our protein study. Initially, he recommended we use BLAST for the + available information in databases, and find homologous protein structures. Based on his + suggestions, we built a homology model, and utilised Alphafold for structure prediction. + Furthermore, he suggested exploring the available peptide libraries to comprehend the protein and + the interaction between MAM7 and Fibronectin. Finally, he asked us to make sure that the + hypothesis + we produce is functional by carrying out a trial run. + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-ramesh-sistala-april.jpeg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Ramesh Sistala (Meeting 1)"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. Ramesh Sistala (Meeting 1) + </figcaption> + </figure> + <i></i> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + The ideas and suggestions he provided laid the foundation for our Dry Lab work. He was crucial in + helping us find the most appropriate template to work with. We explored the two possibilities he + mentioned about generating our desired sequence. Otherwise, there was another possibility where we + could find an average sequence by using Alphafold for MAM7 and then utilising it to generate the + fibronectin structure. Based on that, we decided to run the molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of + MAM7, and MAM7 with fibronectin.</p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -771,57 +1007,49 @@ </div> <!-- Person-3 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-3"> - Dr. Nithin M.S. - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-3" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-3Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-3Label">Dr. Nithin M.S.</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. Nitin Muliya Sankappa, Ph. D. researcher in Fisheries - Microbiology, Department of Aquatic - Animal Health Management at College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries - Sciences University, Karnataka, India.</p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> Dr. Nithin M.S. is proficient in the field of using bacteriophages to work on - Vibriosis. We approached him on 28th May 2022 to gather data on the prevalence of vibriosis in and - around Manipal. We explained how MAM7 is an adhesion molecule involved in the early stages of the - infection cycle. We wanted to imply that it was the most appropriate target in order to inhibit - adhesion and thus prevent the infection itself. During the discussion on vibriosis, he indicated - the - increasing demand for solutions such as AMPifin given the disease's prominence in fish. He also - suggested ways to deliver the peptide, and recommended using bioinformatics tools to test our - solution's efficacy.</p> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-nithin-ms-may.png" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Nithin M S"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. Nithin M S - </figcaption> - </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - Via this interaction, we identified the statistical significance of vibriosis and its prevalence. - We - understood the plausible impact that our project could have on society and the impact AMPifin—a - sustainable solution, could have on the fisherfolk of our country.</p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-3" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-3Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-3Label">Dr. Nithin M.S.</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. Nitin Muliya Sankappa, Ph. D. researcher in Fisheries + Microbiology, Department of Aquatic + Animal Health Management at College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary Animal and Fisheries + Sciences University, Karnataka, India.</p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> Dr. Nithin M.S. is proficient in the field of using bacteriophages to work on + Vibriosis. We approached him on 28th May 2022 to gather data on the prevalence of vibriosis in and + around Manipal. We explained how MAM7 is an adhesion molecule involved in the early stages of the + infection cycle. We wanted to imply that it was the most appropriate target in order to inhibit + adhesion and thus prevent the infection itself. During the discussion on vibriosis, he indicated + the + increasing demand for solutions such as AMPifin given the disease's prominence in fish. He also + suggested ways to deliver the peptide, and recommended using bioinformatics tools to test our + solution's efficacy.</p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-nithin-ms-may.png" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Nithin M S"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. Nithin M S + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + Via this interaction, we identified the statistical significance of vibriosis and its prevalence. + We + understood the plausible impact that our project could have on society and the impact AMPifin—a + sustainable solution, could have on the fisherfolk of our country.</p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -829,66 +1057,58 @@ </div> <!-- Person-4 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-4"> - Mr. M Madan - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-4" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-4Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-4Label">Mr. M Madan</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-mr-m-madan-portrait.jpeg"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - Mr. M Madan, Feedmill Operator at ICAR-CIBA, Chennai, India. - </p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We contacted Mr. Madhan on 29th May 2022 to get data on the basic feeding and - cultivation practices of fish. He told us that vibriosis is quite prevalent in fish breeds such as - Mullet and Milkfish. Being well-versed with - the different diagnostic methods used for various ecosystems such as freshwater, saline, marine, - brackish water, etc., he mentioned the commonly utilised medicines or antibiotics, which are fed - to - the fish in the system. According to his experience, vibriosis is prevalent due to the changes in - various environmental factors, weather, climatic change, and the water’s pH and contaminant - levels, - collectively termed as “stress-factorsâ€. He concluded that the effect of vibriosis in humans is - dependent on each individual’s immune system and how their body reacts to it. Furthermore, he - elaborated on the various early detection methods such as PCR, western blotting, kit-based - methods, - and microscopic analysis.</p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-4" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-4Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-4Label">Mr. M Madan</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> + <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-mr-m-madan-portrait.jpeg"> <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - This interaction shed light on the feeding mechanisms practised in the fish farms. The nutritional - value of the fish can only be maintained by providing a balanced supply of the diet. Furthermore, - in - order to incorporate our project as a practical approach, our formula will vary for various fish - species with - different intake capacities. His input pushed us to study the current methods used for on-field - fish - testing. We found out that diseased fish are usually isolated in the fish ponds or taken to the - labs for further testing in an artificial ecosystem. He mentioned that the usual practice of the - local fish farmers is to subject the fishes to various antibiotics, chemicals, such as KMnO4, - NaCl, - and soda lime, etc to get rid of the disease in the farm. This helped us brainstorm ideas to - spread - awareness on the safe usage of antibiotics. + Mr. M Madan, Feedmill Operator at ICAR-CIBA, Chennai, India. </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We contacted Mr. Madhan on 29th May 2022 to get data on the basic feeding and + cultivation practices of fish. He told us that vibriosis is quite prevalent in fish breeds such as + Mullet and Milkfish. Being well-versed with + the different diagnostic methods used for various ecosystems such as freshwater, saline, marine, + brackish water, etc., he mentioned the commonly utilised medicines or antibiotics, which are fed + to + the fish in the system. According to his experience, vibriosis is prevalent due to the changes in + various environmental factors, weather, climatic change, and the water’s pH and contaminant + levels, + collectively termed as “stress-factorsâ€. He concluded that the effect of vibriosis in humans is + dependent on each individual’s immune system and how their body reacts to it. Furthermore, he + elaborated on the various early detection methods such as PCR, western blotting, kit-based + methods, + and microscopic analysis.</p> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + This interaction shed light on the feeding mechanisms practised in the fish farms. The nutritional + value of the fish can only be maintained by providing a balanced supply of the diet. Furthermore, + in + order to incorporate our project as a practical approach, our formula will vary for various fish + species with + different intake capacities. His input pushed us to study the current methods used for on-field + fish + testing. We found out that diseased fish are usually isolated in the fish ponds or taken to the + labs for further testing in an artificial ecosystem. He mentioned that the usual practice of the + local fish farmers is to subject the fishes to various antibiotics, chemicals, such as KMnO4, + NaCl, + and soda lime, etc to get rid of the disease in the farm. This helped us brainstorm ideas to + spread + awareness on the safe usage of antibiotics. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -896,73 +1116,65 @@ </div> <!-- Person-5 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-5"> - Dr. Seetha Krishnan - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-5" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-5Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-5Label">Dr. Seetha Krishnan</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-seetha-krishnan-portrait.jpeg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Dr. Seetha Krishnan"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Dr. Seetha Krishnan, Director of Discovery Biology Solutions at Aragen Life Sciences, - Bangalore, Karnataka, India. - </figcaption> - </figure> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We interacted with Dr. Seetha Krishnan on 30th May 2022. She was intrigued by - our - project idea and its potential impact on the pisciculture industry. Based on the stability of our - peptide when released into a pisciculture system, she highlighted the possibilities of our peptide - undergoing degradation and high dilution. She spoke about lab-scale testing of our peptide for - interaction studies. To overcome such challenges, she suggested we look into methods like - encapsulation and check the integrity properties in accordance with the release of the peptide - into - the aquaculture set-up. She also told us to look into our solution's economic viability, upscaling - its production and food safety factors. Additionally, she conveyed her concerns regarding the - peptide purification - aspects of our project. She recommended we use the HPLC system for regular purification, which - would - be a practical approach for our experiments due to its cost-effectiveness.</p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-5" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-5Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-5Label">Dr. Seetha Krishnan</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-seetha-krishnan-may.png" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Seetha Krishnan"> + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-seetha-krishnan-portrait.jpeg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Dr. Seetha Krishnan"> <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. Seetha Krishnan + Dr. Seetha Krishnan, Director of Discovery Biology Solutions at Aragen Life Sciences, + Bangalore, Karnataka, India. </figcaption> </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - Dr. Seetha laid the foundation for our delivery system. Our interaction with her made us consider - the factors involving the cost-effectiveness of our solution. Through this, we decided - <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the best host for our peptide production. She helped us look into our - idea's biosafety and bioethical concerns. Her recommendations also made us look at CRISPR-based - systems for plasmid designing. The papers she sent helped us with inputs to design our delivery - mechanism—i.e. chitosan nanoparticle encapsulation. Towards the end of the meeting, - we accounted for her varied insights on the ethical issues revolving around our project. This made - us analyse and work on an effective approach for the society and the environment. - </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We interacted with Dr. Seetha Krishnan on 30th May 2022. She was intrigued by + our + project idea and its potential impact on the pisciculture industry. Based on the stability of our + peptide when released into a pisciculture system, she highlighted the possibilities of our peptide + undergoing degradation and high dilution. She spoke about lab-scale testing of our peptide for + interaction studies. To overcome such challenges, she suggested we look into methods like + encapsulation and check the integrity properties in accordance with the release of the peptide + into + the aquaculture set-up. She also told us to look into our solution's economic viability, upscaling + its production and food safety factors. Additionally, she conveyed her concerns regarding the + peptide purification + aspects of our project. She recommended we use the HPLC system for regular purification, which + would + be a practical approach for our experiments due to its cost-effectiveness.</p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-seetha-krishnan-may.png" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Seetha Krishnan"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. Seetha Krishnan + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + Dr. Seetha laid the foundation for our delivery system. Our interaction with her made us consider + the factors involving the cost-effectiveness of our solution. Through this, we decided + <i>Escherichia coli</i> was the best host for our peptide production. She helped us look into our + idea's biosafety and bioethical concerns. Her recommendations also made us look at CRISPR-based + systems for plasmid designing. The papers she sent helped us with inputs to design our delivery + mechanism—i.e. chitosan nanoparticle encapsulation. Towards the end of the meeting, + we accounted for her varied insights on the ethical issues revolving around our project. This made + us analyse and work on an effective approach for the society and the environment. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -970,80 +1182,72 @@ </div> <!-- Person-6 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-6"> - Dr. Mamatha Ballal - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-6" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-6Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-6Label">Dr. Mamatha Ballal</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-mamatha-ballal-portrait.jpeg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Dr. Mamatha Ballal"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Dr. Mamatha Ballal, Professor in the Department of Microbiology at Enteric Diseases - Division—Head, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India. - </figcaption> - </figure> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We approached Dr. Mamatha Ballal on 2nd June 2022 to get solutions for our - research-based queries and information on the prevalence of vibriosis. Since vibriosis is a cause - of - concern in humans as well, her expertise area made her the most appropriate person - to reach out to. We learnt the symptoms and treatment methods of vibriosis in humans. - Additionally, - we gained more information on the pathogenicity and virulence of <i>V. - parahaemolyticus</i>. Commenting on the frequency of people suffering from vibriosis in our - locality, she mentioned that <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> is pervasive in people who consume - non-vegetarian food. According to her, the severity of the infection is majorly caused - due to poor sanitation and hygiene habits followed. Though vibriosis is a devastating disease, it - is - most commonly prevalent in rural areas as compared to urban areas. She mentioned that people - suffering from vibriosis usually suffer from diarrhoea which leads to higher chances of mortality, - especially among immunocompromised people. She gave her suggestions for reducing the risks - associated - with <i>Vibrio</i> spp. and also said that <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> is a common food pathogen. - She - mentioned how temperature change could also affect the pathogenicity factors of vibriosis. She - also - mentioned that stool samples are collected to analyse and detect vibriosis in humans. Furthermore, - she elaborated on the culture-based methods for <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>—i.e., using blood agar - and nutrient agar.</p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-6" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-6Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-6Label">Dr. Mamatha Ballal</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-mamatha-ballal-june.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Mamatha Ballal"> + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-mamatha-ballal-portrait.jpeg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Dr. Mamatha Ballal"> <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. Mamatha Ballal + Dr. Mamatha Ballal, Professor in the Department of Microbiology at Enteric Diseases + Division—Head, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India. </figcaption> </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - The interaction with Dr. Ballal helped us gain more statistical data on the reported cases - concerning vibriosis. This helped us build a core understanding of the importance of following - good - hygiene practices by taking small steps to avoid such diseases. We also learnt about the various - detection methods used. She also demonstrated lab techniques that could benefit our - future implementation studies. - </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We approached Dr. Mamatha Ballal on 2nd June 2022 to get solutions for our + research-based queries and information on the prevalence of vibriosis. Since vibriosis is a cause + of + concern in humans as well, her expertise area made her the most appropriate person + to reach out to. We learnt the symptoms and treatment methods of vibriosis in humans. + Additionally, + we gained more information on the pathogenicity and virulence of <i>V. + parahaemolyticus</i>. Commenting on the frequency of people suffering from vibriosis in our + locality, she mentioned that <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> is pervasive in people who consume + non-vegetarian food. According to her, the severity of the infection is majorly caused + due to poor sanitation and hygiene habits followed. Though vibriosis is a devastating disease, it + is + most commonly prevalent in rural areas as compared to urban areas. She mentioned that people + suffering from vibriosis usually suffer from diarrhoea which leads to higher chances of mortality, + especially among immunocompromised people. She gave her suggestions for reducing the risks + associated + with <i>Vibrio</i> spp. and also said that <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i> is a common food pathogen. + She + mentioned how temperature change could also affect the pathogenicity factors of vibriosis. She + also + mentioned that stool samples are collected to analyse and detect vibriosis in humans. Furthermore, + she elaborated on the culture-based methods for <i>V. parahaemolyticus</i>—i.e., using blood agar + and nutrient agar.</p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-mamatha-ballal-june.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Mamatha Ballal"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. Mamatha Ballal + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + The interaction with Dr. Ballal helped us gain more statistical data on the reported cases + concerning vibriosis. This helped us build a core understanding of the importance of following + good + hygiene practices by taking small steps to avoid such diseases. We also learnt about the various + detection methods used. She also demonstrated lab techniques that could benefit our + future implementation studies. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -1051,73 +1255,65 @@ </div> <!-- Person-7 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-7"> - Dr. Ramesh Sistala (Meeting 2) - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-7" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-7Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-7Label">Dr. Ramesh Sistala</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-ramesh-sistala-portrait.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Dr. Ramesh Sistala"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Dr. Ramesh Sistala, Founder and Managing Director at thinkMolecular Technologies Pvt. Ltd., - Bangalore, India. - </figcaption> - </figure> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We had our second interaction with Dr. Ramesh on 28th June 2022 to discuss - the - structure - prediction of MAM7. We explained the adhesion mechanism and how we used ClusPro for docking. To - design our peptide at this stage, we tried to integrate the concept of peptidomimetics. He - mentioned that fibronectin is the apparent binding site with five repeating units, and the - repeating - modules are used for the initial peptide design. Dr. Ramesh suggested that we could use a - computational alanine scan to refine the binding sites and molecular dynamic simulations. If the - receptor is prominent, we cannot do it on the 40 amino acids and would have find the local binding - regions. To inhibit the reaction, the five continuous domains of MAM7 are required to interact. In - this case, the peptide acts as an inhibitor, and the peptide docking is done on the receptor. If - the - receptor is big, a hypothesis should be formulated that interacts with MAM7. The model can be - verified by profiling the interaction. The relevant residues can be docked by using only specific - residues and changing the others. Furthermore, he elaborated that five or six types of amino acids - are required, and all 20 amino acids need not be required. He further elaborated more on the Build - option in Pymol that could be used for visualising the protein structure.</p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-7" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-7Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-7Label">Dr. Ramesh Sistala</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-ramesh-sistala-2-0-june.png" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Ramesh Sistala"> + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-ramesh-sistala-portrait.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Dr. Ramesh Sistala"> <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. Ramesh Sistala + Dr. Ramesh Sistala, Founder and Managing Director at thinkMolecular Technologies Pvt. Ltd., + Bangalore, India. </figcaption> </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - In this meeting, Dr. Ramesh provided us with the technique to generate a pool of peptides. This is - where we decided our peptide to act as an inhibitor for our target molecule—MAM7. Furthermore, the - alanine scan test he suggested was the basis for our modification cycles, including our software - contribution. - </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We had our second interaction with Dr. Ramesh on 28th June 2022 to discuss + the + structure + prediction of MAM7. We explained the adhesion mechanism and how we used ClusPro for docking. To + design our peptide at this stage, we tried to integrate the concept of peptidomimetics. He + mentioned that fibronectin is the apparent binding site with five repeating units, and the + repeating + modules are used for the initial peptide design. Dr. Ramesh suggested that we could use a + computational alanine scan to refine the binding sites and molecular dynamic simulations. If the + receptor is prominent, we cannot do it on the 40 amino acids and would have find the local binding + regions. To inhibit the reaction, the five continuous domains of MAM7 are required to interact. In + this case, the peptide acts as an inhibitor, and the peptide docking is done on the receptor. If + the + receptor is big, a hypothesis should be formulated that interacts with MAM7. The model can be + verified by profiling the interaction. The relevant residues can be docked by using only specific + residues and changing the others. Furthermore, he elaborated that five or six types of amino acids + are required, and all 20 amino acids need not be required. He further elaborated more on the Build + option in Pymol that could be used for visualising the protein structure.</p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-ramesh-sistala-2-0-june.png" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Ramesh Sistala"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. Ramesh Sistala + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + In this meeting, Dr. Ramesh provided us with the technique to generate a pool of peptides. This is + where we decided our peptide to act as an inhibitor for our target molecule—MAM7. Furthermore, the + alanine scan test he suggested was the basis for our modification cycles, including our software + contribution. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -1125,72 +1321,64 @@ </div> <!-- Person-8 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-8"> - Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-8" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-8Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-8Label">Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy is a Gastroenterologist at Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain - Hospital, Bangalore, - and - Sagar Hospitals in Jayanagar, Bangalore. He is a member of the Indian Medical Association - (IMA) - and Karnataka Medical Council. - </p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We approached Dr. Kannan on 3rd July 2022 to get information on the effect of - vibriosis on human beings. Based on his research, he indicated that vibriosis involves a sporadic - outbreak that is not as prevalent in urban areas since they consume filtered water. With many - years - of experience, he mentioned that an epidemic is more noticeable around river bed regions due to - direct river water consumption and spreads as a communicable disease. - The severity of these infections is often treatable by following the appropriate hydration - measures - as the patients are observed for an incubation period of three days for the development of any - symptoms like vomiting, loose motions, or rice water diarrhoea. According to him, the major source - of vibriosis infection in humans is untreated water. Furthermore, he mentioned that vaccines are - administered to reduce a local epidemic risk. However, he also mentioned that often, vaccines - don't - find their way to rural areas, leading to large-scale epidemics that could be lethal beyond a - point. - </p> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-kannan-ramaswamy-july.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy - </figcaption> - </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - The interaction with Dr. Kannan gave us an insight into statistics associated with reported cases - of - vibriosis in India and worldwide. This made us consider the ethical aspects concerning AMPifin and - the treatment plans followed when such cases are reported. We could also gauge the vicious cycle - of - administration of antibiotics that could be harmful to an individual or be redundant for the - <i>Vibrio</i> species due to the development of antibiotic resistance. + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-8" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-8Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-8Label">Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy is a Gastroenterologist at Bhagwan Mahaveer Jain + Hospital, Bangalore, + and + Sagar Hospitals in Jayanagar, Bangalore. He is a member of the Indian Medical Association + (IMA) + and Karnataka Medical Council. </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We approached Dr. Kannan on 3rd July 2022 to get information on the effect of + vibriosis on human beings. Based on his research, he indicated that vibriosis involves a sporadic + outbreak that is not as prevalent in urban areas since they consume filtered water. With many + years + of experience, he mentioned that an epidemic is more noticeable around river bed regions due to + direct river water consumption and spreads as a communicable disease. + The severity of these infections is often treatable by following the appropriate hydration + measures + as the patients are observed for an incubation period of three days for the development of any + symptoms like vomiting, loose motions, or rice water diarrhoea. According to him, the major source + of vibriosis infection in humans is untreated water. Furthermore, he mentioned that vaccines are + administered to reduce a local epidemic risk. However, he also mentioned that often, vaccines + don't + find their way to rural areas, leading to large-scale epidemics that could be lethal beyond a + point. + </p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-kannan-ramaswamy-july.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. Kannan Ramaswamy + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + The interaction with Dr. Kannan gave us an insight into statistics associated with reported cases + of + vibriosis in India and worldwide. This made us consider the ethical aspects concerning AMPifin and + the treatment plans followed when such cases are reported. We could also gauge the vicious cycle + of + administration of antibiotics that could be harmful to an individual or be redundant for the + <i>Vibrio</i> species due to the development of antibiotic resistance. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -1198,64 +1386,56 @@ </div> <!-- Person-9 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-9"> - Dr. M Shashi Shekar - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-9" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-9Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-9Label">Dr. M Shashi Shekar</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. M. Shashi Shekar, Principal Scientist & SIC, Nutrition, Genetics - and Biotechnology - Division, working since 1994 in ICAR-CIBA, Chennai, India. - </p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We visited the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of - Brackishwater Research (ICAR- CIBA) institute located in Chennai on 8th July 2022. Dr. M Shashi - Shekar - and his team consisting of Dr. Ashok, Dr. Raymond, Dr. Sujeet and Dr. Patil who were working on - the - prevalence of vibriosis in fish. We felt that the information they had would benefit our project’s - geographical statistics and research-related data. There was a brief discussion about the types of - projects they were working on for the research-oriented communities and looking for potential - areas - in which they could assist us with. Dr. Shashi Shekar introduced us to his lab and his team which - would help us in the future with our project.</p> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-icar-ciba-july.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. M Shashi Shekar"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. M Shashi Shekar - </figcaption> - </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - The visit to their institute assisted us in gathering more information on the field studies of - their - testing is carried out, which are similar to our project. We utilised this to bring out the - efficacy - of our peptide and the disease. Furthermore, they also gave data on the products they manufactured - and their current ongoing research. They also provided specific lab protocols that were useful for - our future implementation. After this meeting, we decided to have another meeting with them to - further exchange data on the research carried out. + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-9" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-9Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-9Label">Dr. M Shashi Shekar</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. M. Shashi Shekar, Principal Scientist & SIC, Nutrition, Genetics + and Biotechnology + Division, working since 1994 in ICAR-CIBA, Chennai, India. </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We visited the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of + Brackishwater Research (ICAR- CIBA) institute located in Chennai on 8th July 2022. Dr. M Shashi + Shekar + and his team consisting of Dr. Ashok, Dr. Raymond, Dr. Sujeet and Dr. Patil who were working on + the + prevalence of vibriosis in fish. We felt that the information they had would benefit our project’s + geographical statistics and research-related data. There was a brief discussion about the types of + projects they were working on for the research-oriented communities and looking for potential + areas + in which they could assist us with. Dr. Shashi Shekar introduced us to his lab and his team which + would help us in the future with our project.</p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-icar-ciba-july.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. M Shashi Shekar"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. M Shashi Shekar + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + The visit to their institute assisted us in gathering more information on the field studies of + their + testing is carried out, which are similar to our project. We utilised this to bring out the + efficacy + of our peptide and the disease. Furthermore, they also gave data on the products they manufactured + and their current ongoing research. They also provided specific lab protocols that were useful for + our future implementation. After this meeting, we decided to have another meeting with them to + further exchange data on the research carried out. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -1263,62 +1443,54 @@ </div> <!-- Person-10 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-10"> - ICAR-CIBA - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-10" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-10Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-10Label">ICAR-CIBA</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">ICAR-CIBA (Dr. M Shashi Shekar & team), Chennai, India. - </p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We approached Dr. Shashi Shekhar and his team from ICAR-CIBA on 10th August - 2022 - after meeting them at their institute. He introduced us to Dr. Ashok, well-versed in - bioinformatics, - who discussed our dry lab aspects. Dr. Raymond, who holds good knowledge of aquaculture - operations, - helped us gather the parameters necessary for the fish tank dimensions. Likewise, Dr. Patil and - Dr. - Sujeet were the two microbiologists who helped us collect data for our research. They provided - relevant data about the various bacteria present in <i>Vibrio</i> species that affect fish and - shrimps. We further interacted with them about the various other bacterial and viral diseases that - cause economic losses to the fisherfolk. They provided more data on parameters, such as pH value - range and ammonia concentration that are to be maintained to prevent such outbreaks of diseases in - the fish farm. Furthermore, they appreciated our idea of targeting initial adhesion and discussed - current treatment methods.</p> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-icar-ciba-august.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with ICAR-CIBA"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with ICAR-CIBA - </figcaption> - </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - It was due to Dr. Raymond that we could formulate a design system for our mesh that would fit at - the - inlet pipe. His input on the numbers corresponding to the tank and pipe dimensions helped us get a - clear idea of our design. + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-10" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-10Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-10Label">ICAR-CIBA</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">ICAR-CIBA (Dr. M Shashi Shekar & team), Chennai, India. </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We approached Dr. Shashi Shekhar and his team from ICAR-CIBA on 10th August + 2022 + after meeting them at their institute. He introduced us to Dr. Ashok, well-versed in + bioinformatics, + who discussed our dry lab aspects. Dr. Raymond, who holds good knowledge of aquaculture + operations, + helped us gather the parameters necessary for the fish tank dimensions. Likewise, Dr. Patil and + Dr. + Sujeet were the two microbiologists who helped us collect data for our research. They provided + relevant data about the various bacteria present in <i>Vibrio</i> species that affect fish and + shrimps. We further interacted with them about the various other bacterial and viral diseases that + cause economic losses to the fisherfolk. They provided more data on parameters, such as pH value + range and ammonia concentration that are to be maintained to prevent such outbreaks of diseases in + the fish farm. Furthermore, they appreciated our idea of targeting initial adhesion and discussed + current treatment methods.</p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-icar-ciba-august.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with ICAR-CIBA"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with ICAR-CIBA + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + It was due to Dr. Raymond that we could formulate a design system for our mesh that would fit at + the + inlet pipe. His input on the numbers corresponding to the tank and pipe dimensions helped us get a + clear idea of our design. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -1326,75 +1498,65 @@ </div> <!-- Person-11 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-11"> - Dr. Manickam G - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-11" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-11Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-11Label">Dr. Manickam G</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-manickam-g-portrait.jpeg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" - alt="Dr. Manickam, Research Director, Discovery Chemistry, Bangalore, India."> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Dr. Manickam, Research Director, Discovery Chemistry, Bangalore, India. - </figcaption> - </figure> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We interacted with Dr. Manickam on 12th August 2022, to receive inputs on the - economic viability and large-scale production of our peptide. He was impressed with our usage of - chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery system since it is a natural polymer with immunomodulatory - properties and is biodegradable, too. He suggested that we increment the length of our peptide - that - would help boost our large-scale production. Through this, the purification cost would decrease - and - the ideal stability conditions and formulation required for the same would be at a more convenient - level. This drastically decreases the volume, making our solution more convenient for biological - maintenance. He mentioned that the current methods include the biological-based drugs and proteins - that are orally administered to animals. On the aspects of bioavailability, the carriers or - linkers - do not have that much of an impact at a particular site. With regards to the shelf-life of storing - the peptide, he suggested that it could be in the form or texture of salt which has durability for - almost a week. Towards the end, he suggested focusing on the ethical issues associated with the - disposal of the residue, if any, in the environment and also highlighting the impact being visible - on human beings, the end consumers of the food chain.</p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-11" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-11Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-11Label">Dr. Manickam G</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-manickam-august.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Manickam G"> + <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-manickam-g-portrait.jpeg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" + alt="Dr. Manickam, Research Director, Discovery Chemistry, Bangalore, India."> <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. Manickam G + Dr. Manickam, Research Director, Discovery Chemistry, Bangalore, India. </figcaption> </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - The interaction with Dr. Manickam gave us a better understanding of implementation of appropriate - purification methods for commercial production and for the isolation of our peptide using modern - techniques. This helped us formulate the best fit peptide production using a synthetic approach. - It - also made us consider the peptide stability condition through salt formation at room temperature - or - an elevated temperature. - </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We interacted with Dr. Manickam on 12th August 2022, to receive inputs on the + economic viability and large-scale production of our peptide. He was impressed with our usage of + chitosan nanoparticles as a delivery system since it is a natural polymer with immunomodulatory + properties and is biodegradable, too. He suggested that we increment the length of our peptide + that + would help boost our large-scale production. Through this, the purification cost would decrease + and + the ideal stability conditions and formulation required for the same would be at a more convenient + level. This drastically decreases the volume, making our solution more convenient for biological + maintenance. He mentioned that the current methods include the biological-based drugs and proteins + that are orally administered to animals. On the aspects of bioavailability, the carriers or + linkers + do not have that much of an impact at a particular site. With regards to the shelf-life of storing + the peptide, he suggested that it could be in the form or texture of salt which has durability for + almost a week. Towards the end, he suggested focusing on the ethical issues associated with the + disposal of the residue, if any, in the environment and also highlighting the impact being visible + on human beings, the end consumers of the food chain.</p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-manickam-august.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Manickam G"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. Manickam G + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + The interaction with Dr. Manickam gave us a better understanding of implementation of appropriate + purification methods for commercial production and for the isolation of our peptide using modern + techniques. This helped us formulate the best fit peptide production using a synthetic approach. + It + also made us consider the peptide stability condition through salt formation at room temperature + or + an elevated temperature. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -1402,66 +1564,56 @@ </div> <!-- Person-12 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-12"> - Reiss Jones - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-12" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-12Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-12Label">Reiss Jones</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-mr-reiss-jones-portrait.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Reiss Jones"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Reiss Jones - </figcaption> - </figure> - </div> - <div class="row"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Reiss is a sustainability-based entrepreneur and has previously - co-founded two startups. - </p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We approached Reiss Jones on 16th August 2022 to understand the possible - entrepreneurial aspects we could incorporate in our project. He was quite intrigued with our - team's approach for the peptide design and he mentioned the skyrocketing demand for sustainable - solutions in the industry. We explained to him that the fusion protein we intend to have is to - increase the stability of the short peptide sequence given their instability. We also gave him a - gist on our plan of performing interaction studies with MAM7 and our peptide. After arriving at a - proper understanding of our project, he helped us by connecting with various synthetic biology - professors and other experts in the field of marine biotechnology.</p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-12" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-12Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-12Label">Reiss Jones</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-reiss-jones-august.png" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Reiss Jones"> + <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-mr-reiss-jones-portrait.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Reiss Jones"> <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Reiss Jones + Reiss Jones </figcaption> </figure> - - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - He assisted us in navigating the kind of companies we must reach out to and the aquaculture - specialists we can approach for better insight on our project and shared a few helpful - contacts. Furthermore, he assisted us in reaching out to other experts who could be beneficial to - AMPifin. </div> + <div class="row"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Reiss is a sustainability-based entrepreneur and has previously + co-founded two startups. + </p> + </div> + </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5> We approached Reiss Jones on 16th August 2022 to understand the possible + entrepreneurial aspects we could incorporate in our project. He was quite intrigued with our + team's approach for the peptide design and he mentioned the skyrocketing demand for sustainable + solutions in the industry. We explained to him that the fusion protein we intend to have is to + increase the stability of the short peptide sequence given their instability. We also gave him a + gist on our plan of performing interaction studies with MAM7 and our peptide. After arriving at a + proper understanding of our project, he helped us by connecting with various synthetic biology + professors and other experts in the field of marine biotechnology.</p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-reiss-jones-august.png" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Reiss Jones"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Reiss Jones + </figcaption> + </figure> + + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + He assisted us in navigating the kind of companies we must reach out to and the aquaculture + specialists we can approach for better insight on our project and shared a few helpful + contacts. Furthermore, he assisted us in reaching out to other experts who could be beneficial to + AMPifin. </div> </div> </div> @@ -1470,81 +1622,73 @@ </div> <!-- Person-13 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-13"> - Ronald Kevin D’Souza - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-13" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-13Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-13Label">Ronald Kevin D’Souza</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-mr-ronald-d-souza-portrait.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" - alt="Ronald Kevin D’Souza, owner of Aquatic Biosystems, Mangalore, India."> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Ronald Kevin D’Souza, owner of Aquatic Biosystems, Mangalore, India. - </figcaption> - </figure> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We visited Aquatic Biosystems in Mangalore, owned by Mr. Ronald D’Souza on - 22nd - August 2022. He set up Aquatic Biosystems in 2006, which is currently the largest ornamental fish - farm in - the state of Karnataka and the country’s most scientifically developed ornamental fish farm. He - explained his journey of setting up the farm and why he chose to use intensive systems, despite - the - general preference of using extensive methods for traditional fish farming. He conducts imports - and - exports from countries like Germany and Netherlands. He mentioned the procedures involved in the - Recirculatory Aquaculture System (RAS) filter system for aeration using filters. However, a common - problem their farm faces is the slow stream of water due to electric power issues in India. The - general protocol they follow involves quarantining the fish to identify and prevent any diseases - in - the hatchery for the breeding methods. Additionally, he mentioned that 5 grams per 100 litres of - tetracycline is added to the farming unit. The feed added includes fresh blanched meat and dry - granular feed. Fish feeding schedule at the larval stage is five times per day, and in the adult - stage, the fish are fed two times per day. The monsoon season enhances the production rate with - higher export value, simultaneously increasing susceptibility to diseases. The optimum pH - maintained - in their breeding unit ranges from 6.5 to 7.2. In case of any increased pH condition, alum is - added - to balance it out, and in case of any decreased pH range, the oyster shells are utilised as a - buffer. - </p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-13" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-13Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-13Label">Ronald Kevin D’Souza</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/aquatic-biosystems-outreach-1.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Ronald Kevin D’Souza"> + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-mr-ronald-d-souza-portrait.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" + alt="Ronald Kevin D’Souza, owner of Aquatic Biosystems, Mangalore, India."> <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Ronald Kevin D’Souza + Ronald Kevin D’Souza, owner of Aquatic Biosystems, Mangalore, India. </figcaption> </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - We were delighted to observe the application of filters in the fish farm. This gave us the - confidence to propose a future implementation of our project in the form of a mesh that the inlet - of - the fish tank would be subjected to. The parameters provided by him formed a basis for our factors - into consideration when searching for an appropriate delivery mechanism. - </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We visited Aquatic Biosystems in Mangalore, owned by Mr. Ronald D’Souza on + 22nd + August 2022. He set up Aquatic Biosystems in 2006, which is currently the largest ornamental fish + farm in + the state of Karnataka and the country’s most scientifically developed ornamental fish farm. He + explained his journey of setting up the farm and why he chose to use intensive systems, despite + the + general preference of using extensive methods for traditional fish farming. He conducts imports + and + exports from countries like Germany and Netherlands. He mentioned the procedures involved in the + Recirculatory Aquaculture System (RAS) filter system for aeration using filters. However, a common + problem their farm faces is the slow stream of water due to electric power issues in India. The + general protocol they follow involves quarantining the fish to identify and prevent any diseases + in + the hatchery for the breeding methods. Additionally, he mentioned that 5 grams per 100 litres of + tetracycline is added to the farming unit. The feed added includes fresh blanched meat and dry + granular feed. Fish feeding schedule at the larval stage is five times per day, and in the adult + stage, the fish are fed two times per day. The monsoon season enhances the production rate with + higher export value, simultaneously increasing susceptibility to diseases. The optimum pH + maintained + in their breeding unit ranges from 6.5 to 7.2. In case of any increased pH condition, alum is + added + to balance it out, and in case of any decreased pH range, the oyster shells are utilised as a + buffer. + </p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/aquatic-biosystems-outreach-1.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Ronald Kevin D’Souza"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Ronald Kevin D’Souza + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + We were delighted to observe the application of filters in the fish farm. This gave us the + confidence to propose a future implementation of our project in the form of a mesh that the inlet + of + the fish tank would be subjected to. The parameters provided by him formed a basis for our factors + into consideration when searching for an appropriate delivery mechanism. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -1552,69 +1696,61 @@ </div> <!-- Person-14 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-14"> - Miroslav Gasparek - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-14" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-14Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-14Label">Miroslav Gasparek</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-mr-miroslav-gasparek-portrait.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Mr. Miroslav Gasparek"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Mr. Miroslav Gasparek - </figcaption> - </figure> - </div> - <div class="row"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Mr. Miroslav Gasparek is a Bioengineer, Entrepreneur, and Researcher. - He is also a Co-founder - at Stealth Biotech Startup and a Co-Managing Director - at Nucleate UK. - </p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We interacted with Miroslav Gasparek on 26th September 2022, who provided our - team - with insights on the biosafety and biosecurity aspects revolving around our project and synthetic - biology as well. The interaction with him led to have major conversations on how Genetically - Modified Organisms (GMOs) play a crucial role in the current emerging field of synthetic biology - </p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-14" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-14Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-14Label">Miroslav Gasparek</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-miroslav-gasparek-september.png" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Miroslav Gasparek"> + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-mr-miroslav-gasparek-portrait.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Mr. Miroslav Gasparek"> <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Miroslav Gasparek + Mr. Miroslav Gasparek </figcaption> </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - We were pleasantly surprised by the immediate conceptual grasp he exhibited regarding our project. - We incurred valuable insight on the various aspects of biosafety, good lab practices and - biosecurity - that play a crucial role in the field of synthetic biology. Given his area of expertise, he - questioned the gravity of our problem. This helped us string our research-work toward a more - impact-oriented approach, while also ensuring a safe and sustainable workflow of AMPifin. + </div> + <div class="row"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Mr. Miroslav Gasparek is a Bioengineer, Entrepreneur, and Researcher. + He is also a Co-founder + at Stealth Biotech Startup and a Co-Managing Director + at Nucleate UK. </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We interacted with Miroslav Gasparek on 26th September 2022, who provided our + team + with insights on the biosafety and biosecurity aspects revolving around our project and synthetic + biology as well. The interaction with him led to have major conversations on how Genetically + Modified Organisms (GMOs) play a crucial role in the current emerging field of synthetic biology + </p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-miroslav-gasparek-september.png" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Miroslav Gasparek"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Miroslav Gasparek + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + We were pleasantly surprised by the immediate conceptual grasp he exhibited regarding our project. + We incurred valuable insight on the various aspects of biosafety, good lab practices and + biosecurity + that play a crucial role in the field of synthetic biology. Given his area of expertise, he + questioned the gravity of our problem. This helped us string our research-work toward a more + impact-oriented approach, while also ensuring a safe and sustainable workflow of AMPifin. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div> @@ -1622,86 +1758,78 @@ </div> <!-- Person-15 --> - <div class="row"> - <!-- Button trigger modal --> - <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="modal" data-bs-target="#ihp-modal-15"> - Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar - </button> - - <!-- Modal --> - <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-15" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-15Label" aria-hidden="true" - style="width: 100%;"> - <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> - <div class="modal-content"> - <div class="modal-header"> - <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-15Label">Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar</h3> - <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> - </div> - <div class="modal-body"> - <div class="row"> - <div class="col-4"> - <div class="row"> - <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> - <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-vinod-jyothikumar-portait.jpg" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar"> - <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar - </figcaption> - </figure> - </div> - <div class="row"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar, currently working as a Operations Management - Consultant in a - consulting - firm. - </p> - </div> - </div> - <div class="col-8"> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We interacted with Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar on 28th September 2022 to receive - inputs on - the biosafety aspects associated with our project and how we have integrated synthetic biology - aspects to make it a viable practical application. He suggested we use PubMed graphs for tracking - the horizontal transfer of pathogenicity of the <i>Vibrio</i> species which turned out to be - milder. - Since <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is an important human pathogen according to WHO - guidelines, Dr. Vinod suggested we analyse the risk assessment factors associated with it. We - mentioned that for further testing, since our project involves a BSL2 pathogen, our approach is to - express Multivalent Adhesion Molecule 7 (MAM7) in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. He highlighted the - biochemistry and biophysics aspects involved in making our peptide more commercially realistic - </p> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll">He spoke about how we could include a visual signal for our binding by - making use of a GFP. He - asked us about the parameters that affect the pathogenicity of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, - such that we could derive an ideal condition that renders this bacteria harmless. For the - His-tag - pull-down mechanism, he spoke about using quantum dots with Nickel coating. These conditions can - include yellow or green wavelength along with Nickel, and once the carrier is ready, it could be - treated in the lab to observe the quantum dots under the slide microscope where it glows. He - urged - us to include a visual proof of the MAM7 and peptide interaction. The major application of - visualising, would involve methods of integration of quantum dots. </p> + <div class="modal fade" id="ihp-modal-15" tabindex="-1" aria-labelledby="ihp-modal-15Label" aria-hidden="true" + style="width: 100%;"> + <div class="modal-dialog modal-fullscreen ihp-lab-modal-dialog modal-dialog-centered modal-dialog-scrollable"> + <div class="modal-content"> + <div class="modal-header"> + <h3 class="modal-title reveal-on-scroll" id="ihp-modal-15Label">Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar</h3> + <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"></button> + </div> + <div class="modal-body"> + <div class="row"> + <div class="col-4"> + <div class="row"> <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> <img - src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-vinod-jyothikumar-september.png" - class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar"> + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-portraits/ihp-dr-vinod-jyothikumar-portait.jpg" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar"> <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> - Interaction with Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar + Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar </figcaption> </figure> - <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> - <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> - The interaction with Dr. Vinod helped us look for a more realistic approach of synthetic-biology - to - our project for the binding. As seafood is a major staple diet of South-East tropical parts of - Asia, - Dr. Vinod's suggestions assisted us in browsing through how its effects in the market considering - the socio-economic element such as Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indices. + </div> + <div class="row"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar, currently working as a Operations Management + Consultant in a + consulting + firm. </p> </div> </div> + <div class="col-8"> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>THEIR INPUT</h5>We interacted with Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar on 28th September 2022 to receive + inputs on + the biosafety aspects associated with our project and how we have integrated synthetic biology + aspects to make it a viable practical application. He suggested we use PubMed graphs for tracking + the horizontal transfer of pathogenicity of the <i>Vibrio</i> species which turned out to be + milder. + Since <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> is an important human pathogen according to WHO + guidelines, Dr. Vinod suggested we analyse the risk assessment factors associated with it. We + mentioned that for further testing, since our project involves a BSL2 pathogen, our approach is to + express Multivalent Adhesion Molecule 7 (MAM7) in <i>Escherichia coli</i>. He highlighted the + biochemistry and biophysics aspects involved in making our peptide more commercially realistic + </p> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll">He spoke about how we could include a visual signal for our binding by + making use of a GFP. He + asked us about the parameters that affect the pathogenicity of <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i>, + such that we could derive an ideal condition that renders this bacteria harmless. For the + His-tag + pull-down mechanism, he spoke about using quantum dots with Nickel coating. These conditions can + include yellow or green wavelength along with Nickel, and once the carrier is ready, it could be + treated in the lab to observe the quantum dots under the slide microscope where it glows. He + urged + us to include a visual proof of the MAM7 and peptide interaction. The major application of + visualising, would involve methods of integration of quantum dots. </p> + <figure class="figure reveal-on-scroll"> + <img + src="https://static.igem.wiki/teams/4200/wiki/ihp-timeline-pictures/ihp-dr-vinod-jyothikumar-september.png" + class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="Interaction with Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar"> + <figcaption class="figure-caption text-center"> + Interaction with Dr. Vinod Jyothikumar + </figcaption> + </figure> + <p class="reveal-on-scroll"> + <h5>OUR INFERENCE</h5> + The interaction with Dr. Vinod helped us look for a more realistic approach of synthetic-biology + to + our project for the binding. As seafood is a major staple diet of South-East tropical parts of + Asia, + Dr. Vinod's suggestions assisted us in browsing through how its effects in the market considering + the socio-economic element such as Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) indices. + </p> + </div> </div> </div> </div>